School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2011 Apr;31(3):293-306. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2011.01.003. Epub 2011 Jan 16.
The expression of emotions and internal states by individuals with severe or profound intellectual disabilities is a comparatively under-researched area. Comprehensive or standardized methods of assessing or understanding the emotions and internal states within this population, whose ability to communicate is significantly compromised, do not exist. The literature base will be discussed and compared to that applicable to the general population. Methods of assessing broader internal states, notably depression, anxiety, and pain within severe or profound intellectual disabilities are also addressed. Finally, this review will examine methods of assessing internal states within genetic syndromes, including hunger, social anxiety, and happiness within Prader-Willi, Fragile-X and Angelman syndrome. This will allow for identification of robust methodologies used in assessing the expression of these internal states, some of which may be useful when considering how to assess emotions within individuals with intellectual disabilities.
个体严重或极重度智力障碍者的情绪和内在状态表达是一个相对研究较少的领域。对于那些沟通能力严重受损的人群，目前还没有综合或标准化的方法来评估或理解他们的情绪和内在状态。本文将讨论相关文献并与适用于普通人群的文献进行比较。本文还将介绍评估严重或极重度智力障碍者更广泛内在状态（如抑郁、焦虑和疼痛）的方法。最后，本文将探讨评估遗传综合征内在状态的方法，包括普拉德-威利、脆性 X 综合征和天使综合征中的饥饿、社交焦虑和幸福感。这将有助于确定评估这些内在状态的可靠方法，其中一些方法在考虑如何评估智力障碍者的情绪时可能会很有用。
