Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden.
Scand J Public Health. 2011 Mar;39(2):187-93. doi: 10.1177/1403494810394906.
Research often fails to ascertain whether men and women are equally hit by the health consequences of unemployment. The aim of this study was to analyze whether men's self-reported health and health behaviour were hit more by unemployment than women's in a follow-up of the Northern Swedish Cohort.
A follow-up study of a cohort of all school leavers in a middle-sized industrial town in northern Sweden was performed from age 16 to age 42. Of those still alive of the original cohort, 94% (n = 1,006) participated during the whole period. A sample was made of participants in the labour force and living in Sweden (n = 916). Register data were used to assess the length of unemployment from age 40 to 42, while questionnaire data were used for the other variables.
In multivariate logistic regression analyses significant relations between unemployment and mental health/smoking were found among both women and men, even after control for unemployment at the time of the investigation and indicators of health-related selection. Significant relations between unemployment and alcohol consumption were found among women, while few visits to a dentist was significant among men.
Men are not hit more by the health consequences of unemployment in a Swedish context, with a high participation rate of women in the labour market. The public health relevance is that the study indicates the need to take gendered contexts into account in public health research.
研究往往无法确定男性和女性是否同样受到失业对健康的影响。本研究旨在分析在对瑞典北部队列的随访中，男性的自我报告健康状况和健康行为是否比女性受到失业的影响更大。
对瑞典北部一个中等工业城镇所有中学辍学生的队列进行了一项随访研究，随访时间从 16 岁到 42 岁。在原始队列中仍然存活的人中，94%（n=1006）在整个期间参与了研究。选择了处于劳动力市场并居住在瑞典的参与者作为样本（n=916）。登记数据用于评估从 40 岁到 42 岁的失业时间，而问卷调查数据用于评估其他变量。
在多变量逻辑回归分析中，发现失业与心理健康/吸烟之间存在显著关系，无论是在女性和男性中，即使在控制了调查时的失业情况和与健康相关的选择指标后也是如此。失业与饮酒之间存在显著关系，而女性看牙医的次数较少则与男性有关。
在瑞典背景下，男性并没有因失业对健康的影响而受到更大的打击，因为女性在劳动力市场中的参与率很高。本研究的公共卫生意义在于，它表明在公共卫生研究中需要考虑到性别化的背景。
