Patient safety in the context of neonatal intensive care: research and educational opportunities.

Case reports and observational studies continue to report adverse events from medical errors. However, despite considerable attention to patient safety in the popular media, this topic is not a regular component of medical education, and much research needs to be carried out to understand the causes, consequences, and prevention of healthcare-related adverse events during neonatal intensive care. To address the knowledge gaps and to formulate a research and educational agenda in neonatology, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development invited a panel of experts to a workshop in August 2010. Patient safety issues discussed were the reasons for errors, including systems design, working conditions, and worker fatigue; a need to develop a "culture" of patient safety; the role of electronic medical records, information technology, and simulators in reducing errors; error disclosure practices; medicolegal concerns; and educational needs. Specific neonatology-related topics discussed were errors during resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, and performance of invasive procedures; medication errors including those associated with milk feedings; diagnostic errors; and misidentification of patients. This article provides an executive summary of the workshop.