Haug S, Sannemann J, Meyer C, John U
Institut für Epidemiologie und Sozialmedizin, Universität Greifswald, Germany.
Gesundheitswesen. 2012 Mar;74(3):160-77. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1268446. Epub 2011 Mar 8.
The aim of this study was to review the published literature on Internet and mobile phone interventions to decrease alcohol consumption and for smoking cessation in adolescents.
Electronic searches of PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, ERIC, and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials were conducted in August 2009. Additionally, reference lists of previously published reviews and meta-analyses within this topic were checked. Studies, published in scientific journals, containing English abstracts, and reporting results about the effectiveness of an intervention were included into the review.
Initial searches in the literature databases identified 2 263 articles of which 31 were eligible for inclusion in this review: 19 articles address internet interventions to decrease alcohol consumption, 7 Internet interventions for smoking cessation, and 5 mobile phone text messaging interventions for smoking cessation. No articles concerning mobile phone interventions to decrease alcohol consumption in adolescents were identified. 16 out of the 19 studies that aimed at decreasing alcohol consumption by the use of the Internet were conducted in college or university students from the United States or New Zealand and the majority of these studies were based on the social norms approach. Good empirical evidence exists concerning the efficacy of web-based social norms interventions to decrease alcohol consumption in students. In the field of smoking cessation, Internet interventions are much more heterogeneous concerning the target group and the provided interventions. So far, 5 controlled studies concerning Internet interventions for smoking cessation in adolescents are available, 2 of these studies were effective in decreasing the smoking prevalence at the last follow-up. Interventions using mobile phone text messaging for smoking cessation were well accepted and promising; however, they were primarily tested within pilot studies and conclusions about their efficacy are not possible so far.
Suggestions for the implementation of certain intervention approaches in Germany could not be derived from the existing studies. For research in Germany, it is suggested to work on the following topics: (1) testing the efficacy of web-based social norms interventions to decrease alcohol consumption in student and non-student samples, (2) testing the efficacy of Internet interventions for smoking cessation, and (3) testing the efficacy of text messaging interventions for smoking cessation.
本研究旨在综述已发表的关于互联网和手机干预措施以减少青少年饮酒及戒烟的文献。
于2009年8月对PubMed、MEDLINE、科学引文索引、心理学文摘数据库、教育资源信息中心及Cochrane对照试验注册库进行电子检索。此外，还查阅了该主题先前发表的综述和荟萃分析的参考文献列表。纳入综述的研究需发表于科学期刊、包含英文摘要且报告了干预效果。
在文献数据库的初步检索中识别出2263篇文章，其中31篇符合纳入本综述的标准：19篇关于减少饮酒的互联网干预研究，7篇戒烟的互联网干预研究，以及5篇戒烟的手机短信干预研究。未发现关于减少青少年饮酒的手机干预的文章。旨在通过互联网减少饮酒的19项研究中有16项是在美国或新西兰的大学生中进行的，且这些研究大多基于社会规范方法。有充分的实证证据表明基于网络的社会规范干预措施在减少学生饮酒方面的有效性。在戒烟领域，互联网干预在目标群体和所提供的干预措施方面更为多样。到目前为止，有5项关于青少年戒烟的互联网干预对照研究，其中2项研究在最后随访时有效降低了吸烟率。使用手机短信进行戒烟的干预措施很受欢迎且前景良好；然而，它们主要在试点研究中进行了测试，目前尚无法得出关于其有效性的结论。
无法从现有研究中得出在德国实施某些干预方法的建议。对于德国的研究，建议开展以下主题的研究：（1）测试基于网络的社会规范干预措施在减少学生和非学生样本饮酒方面的有效性；（2）测试互联网戒烟干预措施的有效性；（3）测试短信戒烟干预措施的有效性。
