Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2011 Mar;72(6):953-61. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.01.014. Epub 2011 Feb 4.
Condoms are an essential component of comprehensive efforts to control the HIV epidemic, both for those who know their status and for those who do not. Although young people account for almost half of all new HIV infections, reported condom use among them remains low in many sub-Saharan African countries. In order to inform education and communication efforts to increase condom use, we examined social representations of condoms among young people aged 10-24 in six African countries/regions with diverse HIV prevalence rates: Swaziland, Namibia, Kenya, South-East Nigeria, Burkina Faso, and Senegal. We used a unique data source, namely 11,354 creative ideas contributed from these countries to a continent-wide scriptwriting contest, held from 1(st) February to 15(th) April 2005, on the theme of HIV/AIDS. We stratified each country sample by the sex, age (10-14, 15-19, 20-24), and urban/rural location of the author and randomly selected up to 10 narratives for each of the 12 resulting strata, netting a total sample of 586 texts for the six countries. We analyzed the narratives qualitatively using thematic data analysis and narrative-based methodologies. Differences were observed across settings in the prominence accorded to condoms, the assessment of their effectiveness, and certain barriers to and facilitators of their use. Moralization emerged as a key impediment to positive representations of condoms, while humour was an appealing means to normalize them. The social representations in the narratives identify communication needs in and across settings and provide youth-focused ideas and perspectives to inform future intervention efforts.
避孕套是控制艾滋病流行的全面努力的重要组成部分，无论是对那些知道自己状况的人还是不知道的人都是如此。尽管年轻人几乎占所有新的艾滋病病毒感染者的一半，但在许多撒哈拉以南非洲国家，报告的避孕套使用率仍然很低。为了了解提高避孕套使用率的教育和宣传工作，我们调查了六个非洲国家/地区（斯威士兰、纳米比亚、肯尼亚、尼日利亚东南部、布基纳法索和塞内加尔） 10-24 岁年轻人对避孕套的社会观念。我们使用了一个独特的数据源，即从这些国家/地区为一个全大陆的剧本创作比赛提交的 11354 个创意，该比赛于 2005 年 2 月 1 日至 4 月 15 日举行，主题是艾滋病病毒/艾滋病。我们按作者的性别、年龄（10-14 岁、15-19 岁、20-24 岁）以及城乡所在地对每个国家的样本进行分层，并为每个 12 个结果层随机选择最多 10 个叙述，为六个国家共获得 586 个文本样本。我们使用主题数据分析和基于叙述的方法对叙述进行定性分析。在不同的背景下，避孕套的重要性、对其效果的评估以及使用的某些障碍和促进因素存在差异。道德化是对避孕套的积极描述的主要障碍，而幽默是使它们正常化的一种有吸引力的手段。叙述中的社会观念确定了不同背景下的沟通需求，并为今后的干预工作提供了以年轻人为重点的想法和观点。
