Soderstrom Nicholas C, Davalos Deana B, Vázquez Susana M
Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA.
Cogn Neuropsychiatry. 2011 Sep;16(5):461-72. doi: 10.1080/13546805.2011.557921. Epub 2011 May 24.
Introduction. The present study examined the relationship between metacognition (i.e., "thinking about thinking") and depression. More specifically, the depressive realism hypothesis (Alloy & Abramson, 1979), which posits that depressed people have a more accurate view of reality than nondepressed people, was tested. Methods. Nondepressed, mildly depressed, and moderately depressed individuals predicted their memory performance by making judgements of learning after each studied item. These predictions were then compared with actual performance on a free recall task to assess calibration, an index of metacognitive accuracy. Results and conclusions. Consistent with the depressive realism hypothesis, mild depression was associated with better calibration than nondepression. However, this "sadder but wiser" phenomenon appears to only exist to point, as moderate depression and nondepression showed no calibration differences. Thus, the level-of-depression account of depressive realism is supported.
引言。本研究考察了元认知（即“对思考的思考”）与抑郁之间的关系。更具体地说，对抑郁现实主义假说（阿洛伊和阿布拉姆森，1979年）进行了检验，该假说认为抑郁的人比非抑郁的人对现实有更准确的看法。方法。非抑郁、轻度抑郁和中度抑郁的个体在学习每个项目后通过做出学习判断来预测自己的记忆表现。然后将这些预测与自由回忆任务中的实际表现进行比较，以评估校准，这是元认知准确性的一个指标。结果与结论。与抑郁现实主义假说一致，轻度抑郁比非抑郁状态与更好的校准相关。然而，这种“越悲伤越明智”的现象似乎只存在到一定程度，因为中度抑郁和非抑郁状态之间没有校准差异。因此，抑郁现实主义的抑郁程度解释得到了支持。
