Moore Michael T, Fresco David M
Kent State University, Department of Psychology, 44242, USA.
Behav Ther. 2007 Jun;38(2):144-54. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2006.06.003. Epub 2007 Jan 9.
Prior research has found that depressed individuals are more realistic in their interpretations of certain events than nondepressed individuals. However, the implications of this finding for the etiology of depressive disorders have never been clarified. The current investigation sought to remedy this situation by exploring realism in the context of a well-validated, cognitive diathesis-stress theory of the etiology of a subtype of depression: hopelessness theory (Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I., & Alloy, L. B. (1989). Hopelessness depression: A theory-based subtype of depression. Psychological Review, 96, 358-372). A sample of 239 college students, including groups of participants with depressogenic versus nondepressogenic attributional styles, recorded the causes they assigned to events; the extent to which their attributions were objectively realistic was evaluated. A comparison of the degree of objectivity was also made between dysphoric and nondysphoric individuals. Contrary to expectations derived from the depressive realism hypothesis, dysphoric individuals exhibited less realistic attributions as compared to nondysphoric individuals. Further, individuals at risk for depression evidenced a pessimistic bias, while individuals not at risk evidenced an optimistic bias.
先前的研究发现，与非抑郁个体相比，抑郁个体对某些事件的解读更为现实。然而，这一发现对抑郁症病因的影响从未得到阐明。当前的调查旨在通过在一个经过充分验证的、关于抑郁症一个亚型病因的认知素质-应激理论（绝望理论，阿布拉姆森、莱温特、亚罗伊（1989年）。《绝望性抑郁：基于理论的抑郁症亚型》。《心理学评论》，96卷，358 - 372页）背景下探讨现实感来弥补这种情况。一个由239名大学生组成的样本，包括具有抑郁性归因风格与非抑郁性归因风格的参与者群体，记录了他们赋予事件的原因；评估了他们的归因在客观上的现实程度。还对烦躁不安个体和非烦躁不安个体之间的客观程度进行了比较。与抑郁现实主义假设得出的预期相反，与非烦躁不安个体相比，烦躁不安个体表现出不太现实的归因。此外，有抑郁风险的个体表现出悲观偏差，而没有抑郁风险的个体表现出乐观偏差。
