Division of Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Glob Public Health. 2012;7(2):175-83. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2010.549141. Epub 2011 May 24.
Prior studies estimate HIV prevalence of 4% among injection drug users (IDUs), compared with 0.8% in the general population of Tijuana, Mexico. However, data on HIV prevalence and correlates among non-injecting drug users (NIDUs) are sparse. Individuals were recruited through street outreach for HIV testing and behavioural risk assessment interviews to estimate HIV prevalence and identify associated sexual risk behaviours among NIDUs in Tijuana. Descriptive statistics were used to characterise 'low-risk' NIDUs (drug users who were not commercial sex workers or men who have sex with men). Results showed that HIV prevalence was 3.7% among low-risk NIDUs. During the prior six months, 52% of NIDUs reported having >1 casual partner; 35% reported always using condoms with a casual partner; and 13% and 15%, respectively, reported giving or receiving something in exchange for sex. Women were significantly more likely than men to have unprotected sex with an IDU (p<0.01).
The finding that HIV prevalence among NIDUs was similar to that of IDUs suggests that HIV transmission has occurred outside of traditional core groups in Tijuana. Broad interventions including HIV testing, condom promotion and sexual risk reduction should be offered to all drug users in Tijuana.
目的：先前的研究估计，与墨西哥蒂华纳普通人群 0.8%的 HIV 感染率相比，注射吸毒者（IDU）中的 HIV 感染率为 4%。然而，关于非注射吸毒者（NIDU）中 HIV 感染率和相关因素的数据却很少。
方法：通过街头外展，对 HIV 检测和行为风险评估访谈进行了个人招募，以评估蒂华纳 NIDU 中的 HIV 感染率，并确定相关的性风险行为。采用描述性统计方法对“低危”NIDU（非商业性性工作者或男男性接触者的吸毒者）进行了特征描述。
结果：低危 NIDU 中的 HIV 感染率为 3.7%。在过去的六个月中，52%的 NIDU 报告有>1 个偶然伴侣；35%的人报告与偶然伴侣始终使用安全套；分别有 13%和 15%的人报告曾以性换取金钱或物品。女性与 IDU 发生无保护性行为的可能性明显高于男性（p<0.01）。
结论：NIDU 中的 HIV 感染率与 IDU 相似，这表明在蒂华纳，HIV 传播已经发生在传统核心群体之外。应该向蒂华纳所有吸毒者提供广泛的干预措施，包括 HIV 检测、推广安全套和减少性风险。
