Guerra-Ordoñez Jesús Alejandro, Benavides-Torres Raquel A, Zapata-Garibay Rogelio, Onofre-Rodríguez Dora Julia, Márquez-Vega María Aracely, Zamora-Carmona Gabriela
Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, UAMM, Matamoros, México.
Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, FAEN, CIDICS, Monterrey, México.
Front Public Health. 2017 Jun 30;5:149. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00149. eCollection 2017.
Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in the border region of Mexico due to the flow of migrants under desperate conditions, encouraging casual and unprotected sex. Since this has become a binational public health problem, it is important to understand the factors that predict these sexual behaviors. The aim of the current study was to investigate the facilitators and inhibitors of transition in the sexual behavior of migrants from two border regions on the Mexico-United States (US) border.
This was a predictive and cross-sectional study. A sample of 256 migrants in shelters for migrants on the border between Mexico and US were selected through systematic random sampling. Predictor variables investigated for effect on the safe sexual behavior (SSB) of the migrant were reasons for having sex; sexual attitudes; sexual machismo; knowledge about HIV; access to health services; and social discrimination.
The sample was predominantly male (89.5%), with 46.1% reporting being single. The average age was 33.38 years (SD = 9.73) and the average number of years of education reported was 8.05 (SD = 3.37). A permissive sexual attitude and sexual machismo both correlated with condom use ( = 0.130, < 0.01 and = -0.174, < 0.01, respectively). Regression analysis showed that a permissive sexual attitude decreased the practice of safe sex (β = 0.17, = 4.16, < 0.001), as did sexual machismo (β = -0.28, = -4.83, < 0.001) and HIV knowledge (β = -0.11, = -2.62, = 0.006).
It was found that access to health services did not influence the SSB of migrants, as suggested by the literature. However, a permissive sexual attitude, sexual machismo, and HIV knowledge were all variables capable of predicting SSB. It is recommended that the study is extended to study migrant populations from other parts of the border, as well undertaking as a qualitative approach to explore new variables.
由于绝望处境下移民的流动，人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征（HIV/AIDS）成为墨西哥边境地区最普遍的传染病之一，这助长了随意和无保护的性行为。鉴于此已成为一个双边公共卫生问题，了解预测这些性行为的因素很重要。本研究的目的是调查墨西哥 - 美国边境两个边境地区移民性行为转变的促进因素和抑制因素。
这是一项预测性横断面研究。通过系统随机抽样，从墨西哥和美国边境的移民收容所中选取了256名移民作为样本。研究对移民安全性行为（SSB）有影响的预测变量包括发生性行为的原因、性态度、性男子气概、对HIV的了解、获得医疗服务的机会以及社会歧视。
样本中男性占主导（89.5%），46.1%的人报告为单身。平均年龄为33.38岁（标准差 = 9.73），报告的平均受教育年限为8.05年（标准差 = 3.37）。宽容的性态度和性男子气概均与使用避孕套相关（分别为 = 0.130， < 0.01和 = -0.174， < 0.01）。回归分析表明，宽容的性态度会降低安全性行为的实践（β = 0.17， = 4.16， < 0.001），性男子气概也是如此（β = -0.28， = -4.83， < 0.001），对HIV的了解同样如此（β = -0.11， = -2.62， = 0.006）。
研究发现，如文献所暗示的，获得医疗服务的机会并未影响移民的安全性行为。然而，宽容的性态度、性男子气概和对HIV的了解都是能够预测安全性行为的变量。建议将该研究扩展至研究边境其他地区的移民群体，并采用定性方法探索新的变量。
