Larney Sarah, Mathers Bradley M, Poteat Tonia, Kamarulzaman Adeeba, Degenhardt Louisa
*National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Australia; †Alpert Medical School, Brown University; ‡The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Australia; §Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health; ‖Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; and ¶Centre for Health Policy, Programs and Economics, University of Melbourne.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015 Jun 1;69 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S100-9. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000623.
Women and girls who use and inject drugs are a critical population at risk of HIV. In this article, we review data on the epidemiology of drug use and injection among women globally and HIV prevalence among women and girls who use and inject drugs.
Women and girls comprise one-third of people who use and inject drugs globally. There is substantial variation in HIV prevalence in this population, between and within countries. There is a pronounced lack of data examining HIV risk among particularly vulnerable subpopulations of women who use and inject drugs, including women who have sex with women, transgender women, racial and ethnic minority women, and young women. Women who use and inject drugs experience stigma and discrimination that affect access to services, and high levels of sexual risk exposures.
There are significant gaps in our understanding of the epidemiology of drug use and injecting among women and girls and HIV risk and prevalence in this population. Women are frequently underrepresented in studies of drug use and HIV risk and prevalence among people who inject drugs, limiting our understanding of possible sex differences in this population. Most research originates from developed countries and may not be generalizable to other settings. A great deal of work is needed to improve understanding of HIV among particularly vulnerable subpopulations, such as transgender women who use drugs. Better data are critical to efforts to advocate for the needs of women and girls who use and inject drugs.
使用毒品并注射毒品的妇女和女孩是感染艾滋病毒的高危人群。在本文中，我们回顾了全球范围内妇女吸毒和注射毒品的流行病学数据以及使用毒品并注射毒品的妇女和女孩中的艾滋病毒流行情况。
妇女和女孩占全球使用毒品并注射毒品人群的三分之一。该人群中的艾滋病毒流行率在不同国家之间以及国家内部存在很大差异。对于使用毒品并注射毒品的特别脆弱亚人群，包括与女性发生性行为的女性、变性女性、少数族裔妇女和年轻女性，缺乏对其艾滋病毒风险的研究数据。使用毒品并注射毒品的妇女遭受耻辱和歧视，这影响了她们获得服务的机会，并且她们面临高水平的性风险暴露。
我们对妇女和女孩吸毒及注射毒品的流行病学以及该人群中艾滋病毒风险和流行情况的了解存在重大差距。在吸毒和注射毒品人群中，关于吸毒及艾滋病毒风险和流行情况的研究中，女性常常代表性不足，这限制了我们对该人群中可能存在的性别差异的理解。大多数研究来自发达国家，可能不适用于其他环境。需要开展大量工作，以增进对特别脆弱亚人群（如吸毒的变性女性）中艾滋病毒的了解。更好的数据对于倡导满足使用毒品并注射毒品的妇女和女孩的需求至关重要。
