Western Psychiatric Institute & Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2011;40(2):254-65. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2011.546037.
Overgeneral autobiographical memory (AM), the tendency to recall categories of events when asked to provide specific instances from one's life, is purported to be a marker of depression vulnerability that develops in childhood. Although early adolescence is a period of risk for depression onset especially among girls, prospective examination of this putative risk factor is lacking. The current study examined the prospective associations between AM recall and depressive symptomatology in an enriched community sample of predominantly African American girls. Girls (n = 195) were interviewed about depressive symptoms at ages 11 and 12 years, and AM recall was assessed at age 11. The findings showed that overgeneral retrieval to positive, but not negative, cue words predicted subsequent depressive symptoms after controlling for age 11 symptoms, race, poverty, and Verbal IQ. A moderating effect of race was also shown, whereby overgeneral AM bias predicted depressive symptoms more strongly among European American girls.
过度概括自传体记忆（AM），即在被要求提供个人生活中的具体事例时，倾向于回忆事件类别，被认为是易患抑郁症的标志，这种情况在儿童时期发展。尽管青少年早期，特别是女孩，是抑郁症发病的高危期，但对这一假定风险因素的前瞻性研究还很缺乏。本研究在一个以非洲裔美国女孩为主的丰富社区样本中，考察了 AM 回忆与抑郁症状之间的前瞻性关联。女孩（n=195）在 11 岁和 12 岁时接受了关于抑郁症状的访谈，并在 11 岁时评估了 AM 回忆。研究结果表明，在控制 11 岁时的症状、种族、贫困和言语智商后，积极但非消极线索词的过度概括检索预测了随后的抑郁症状。种族也存在调节作用，即过度概括的 AM 偏差在欧洲裔美国女孩中对抑郁症状的预测作用更强。
