Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20794, USA.
J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2011;40(2):295-306. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2011.546046.
Evidence supports the role of temperament in the origins of psychiatric disorders. However, there are few data on associations between temperament and psychiatric disorders in early childhood. A community sample of 541 three-year-old preschoolers participated in a laboratory temperament assessment, and caregivers were administered a structured diagnostic interview on preschool psychopathology. In bivariate analyses, temperamental dysphoria and low exuberance were associated with depression; fear, low exuberance, and low sociability were associated with anxiety disorders; and disinhibition and dysphoria were associated with oppositional defiant disorder. Although there were no bivariate associations between temperament and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, disinhibition emerged as a unique predictor in multivariate analyses. Findings indicate that the pattern of relations between temperament and psychopathology in older youth and adults is evident as early as age 3.
证据支持气质在精神障碍起源中的作用。然而，关于儿童早期气质与精神障碍之间的关联的数据很少。一项对 541 名 3 岁学龄前儿童的社区样本进行了实验室气质评估，同时对照顾者进行了关于学龄前精神病理学的结构化诊断访谈。在双变量分析中，气质性心境恶劣和低活力与抑郁有关；恐惧、低活力和低社交性与焦虑障碍有关；而冲动和心境恶劣与对立违抗性障碍有关。尽管气质与注意缺陷/多动障碍之间没有双变量关联，但在多变量分析中，冲动是一个独特的预测因素。研究结果表明，早在 3 岁时，就已经出现了气质与青少年和成人精神病理学之间关系的模式。
