Ghendon Y
World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Vaccine. 1990 Mar;8 Suppl:S129-33; discussion S134-8. doi: 10.1016/0264-410x(90)90233-c.
Hepatitis B infection and its sequelae remain major public health problems internationally despite the existence of sensitive tests to screen blood and blood products for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and immunogenic vaccines. Since the human hepatitis B virus has no known animal reservoir, a systematic vaccination programme against hepatitis B, including vaccination of all newborns and young children within the framework of the WHO Expanded Programme on Immunization, as well as protection of high-risk individuals, together with the testing of all blood and blood products for HBsAg, could eliminate hepatitis B virus infection and its sequelae. However, for the successful realization of this programme, many important and difficult problems need to be solved, especially those related to vaccination strategy, determination of the duration of immunity, investigation of the mechanisms of perinatal and horizontal virus transmission, and improvement of the immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine. The problem of the hepatitis B carrier is also paramount as the eradication of hepatitis B can be achieved only after the 300 million carriers of the disease in the world today are either cured or dead.
尽管存在用于筛查血液和血液制品中乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）的敏感检测方法以及具有免疫原性的疫苗，但乙肝感染及其后遗症在国际上仍然是主要的公共卫生问题。由于人类乙肝病毒没有已知的动物宿主，一项针对乙肝的系统疫苗接种计划，包括在世卫组织扩大免疫规划框架内为所有新生儿和幼儿接种疫苗，以及保护高危个体，同时对所有血液和血液制品进行HBsAg检测，有可能消除乙肝病毒感染及其后遗症。然而，为了成功实施该计划，需要解决许多重要且困难的问题，特别是那些与疫苗接种策略、免疫持续时间的确定、围产期和水平病毒传播机制的研究以及乙肝疫苗免疫原性的提高相关的问题。乙肝携带者的问题也至关重要，因为只有在当今世界3亿乙肝携带者要么治愈要么死亡之后，才能实现乙肝的根除。
