Response profiles of human muscle afferents during active finger movements.

Twenty-five human muscle afferents from the extensor digitorum muscles of the forearm were studied with the microneurographic method. Single unit impulses were recorded while the subjects performed alternating movements of moderate speed at the appropriate metacarpophalangeal joint. For comparison, responses to imposed movements of similar amplitudes and velocities were also studied. Most spindle afferents (n = 17) provided a stretch response with both kinds of movement. However, the impulse rate was slightly higher and the interspike interval variability much larger during active movement. Two units provided deviating response profiles: a flat profile and a converse stretch response. Small and constant torque loads usually failed to modify the response profile but gave rise to a moderate increase of impulse rate in 50% of the spindle afferents. In one single unit, a converse stretch response appeared with opposing loads. Tendon organ afferents (n = 8) were totally unmodulated by imposed stretch in the relaxed muscle. In contrast, their impulse rate was highly modulated during active movements, often following the rectified EMG which resulted in a converse relationship to muscle length and velocity. The findings support the view that, in general, human muscle spindles monitor muscle length and velocity in routine movements of moderate speed as long as opposing loads are small, whereas Golgi tendon organs monitor the amount of muscle recruitment. The significance of the deviating response profiles from spindle afferents remains obscure.