The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement Studies, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Sports Med. 2011 Mar 1;41(3):249-62. doi: 10.2165/11539180-000000000-00000.
The term 'presenteeism' is a relatively new concept in workplace health, and has come to signify being at work despite poor health and performing below par. Presenteeism, which is potentially critical to employers, has been associated with a range of psychosocial outcome measures, such as poor mental health and employee well-being. Physical activity is a potential strategy for reducing presenteeism, and for improving the mental health of employees. This article reviews evidence on the relationships between physical activity and employee well-being and presenteeism in the workplace, and identifies directions for research in an emerging field. Electronic and manual literature searches were used to identify 20 articles that met the inclusion criteria. These included 13 intervention trials (8 randomized controlled trials, 5 comparison trials) and 7 observational studies (3 cohort, 4 cross-sectional). Outcome measures were grouped into 'workplace well-being', 'psychosocial well-being' and 'physical well-being'. Studies measured a wide variety of outcomes, with absenteeism being the most commonly assessed. Evidence indicated a positive association between physical activity and psychosocial health in employees, particularly for quality of life and emotional well-being. However, findings were inconclusive as to the role of physical activity in promoting workplace well-being. Only one study reported on presenteeism, with mixed evidence for outcomes. This article indicates that physical activity and employee psychosocial health are positively related, but there is limited evidence of a relationship between physical activity and presenteeism. A standardized definition of presenteeism and an appropriate evaluation tool are key research priorities if the complex relationships between physical activity and workplace well-being are to be better understood.
“出勤主义”是工作场所健康领域的一个相对较新的概念，它指的是尽管身体不适，但仍坚持工作，且工作表现低于正常水平。对于雇主来说，“出勤主义”可能是一个严重的问题，它与一系列心理社会结果衡量标准有关，例如心理健康状况不佳和员工幸福感下降。身体活动是减少“出勤主义”和提高员工心理健康的一种潜在策略。本文综述了工作场所中身体活动与员工幸福感和“出勤主义”之间关系的证据，并确定了该新兴领域研究的方向。通过电子和手动文献检索，确定了符合纳入标准的 20 篇文章。其中包括 13 项干预试验（8 项随机对照试验，5 项比较试验）和 7 项观察性研究（3 项队列研究，4 项横断面研究）。研究结果被分为“工作场所幸福感”、“心理社会幸福感”和“身体健康”。研究测量了各种各样的结果，其中缺勤率是最常评估的。证据表明，身体活动与员工的心理社会健康呈正相关，特别是对生活质量和情绪健康。然而，关于身体活动在促进工作场所幸福感方面的作用，研究结果尚无定论。只有一项研究报告了“出勤主义”的结果，证据不一。本文表明，身体活动和员工的心理社会健康呈正相关，但身体活动与“出勤主义”之间的关系证据有限。如果要更好地理解身体活动与工作场所幸福感之间的复杂关系，就需要对“出勤主义”进行标准化定义，并开发出适当的评估工具。
