Division Medical Virology/NHLS, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
BMC Infect Dis. 2011 Mar 15;11:65. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-65.
Infections caused by human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are important triggers of wheezing in young children. Wheezy illness has increasingly been recognised as an important cause of morbidity in African children, but there is little information on the contribution of HRV to this. The aim of this study was to determine the role of HRV as a cause of acute wheezing in South African children.
Two hundred and twenty children presenting consecutively at a tertiary children's hospital with a wheezing illness from May 2004 to November 2005 were prospectively enrolled. A nasal swab was taken and reverse transcription PCR used to screen the samples for HRV. The presence of human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus and human coronavirus-NL63 was assessed in all samples using PCR-based assays. A general shell vial culture using a pool of monoclonal antibodies was used to detect other common respiratory viruses on 26% of samples. Phylogenetic analysis to determine circulating HRV species was performed on a portion of HRV-positive samples. Categorical characteristics were analysed using Fisher's Exact test.
HRV was detected in 128 (58.2%) of children, most (72%) of whom were under 2 years of age. Presenting symptoms between the HRV-positive and negative groups were similar. Most illness was managed with ambulatory therapy, but 45 (35%) were hospitalized for treatment and 3 (2%) were admitted to intensive care. There were no in-hospital deaths. All 3 species of HRV were detected with HRV-C being the most common (52%) followed by HRV-A (37%) and HRV-B (11%). Infection with other respiratory viruses occurred in 20/128 (16%) of HRV-positive children and in 26/92 (28%) of HRV-negative samples.
HRV may be the commonest viral infection in young South African children with acute wheezing. Infection is associated with mild or moderate clinical disease.
人类鼻病毒（HRV）引起的感染是导致幼儿喘息的重要诱因。喘息性疾病已日益被认为是非洲儿童发病的一个重要原因，但关于 HRV 对此的贡献知之甚少。本研究旨在确定 HRV 作为南非儿童急性喘息的病因的作用。
2004 年 5 月至 2005 年 11 月，连续有 220 名患有喘息性疾病的儿童在一家三级儿童医院就诊，前瞻性纳入本研究。采集鼻拭子，采用逆转录 PCR 检测样本中 HRV 的存在。所有样本均采用基于 PCR 的检测方法评估人偏肺病毒、人博卡病毒和人冠状病毒-NL63 的存在。使用池状单克隆抗体进行通用壳瓶培养，以检测其他常见呼吸道病毒，对 26%的样本进行了检测。对部分 HRV 阳性样本进行 HRV 流行株的系统发生分析。使用 Fisher 确切检验分析分类特征。
在 128 名儿童（58.2%）中检测到 HRV，其中 72%（92 名）年龄小于 2 岁。HRV 阳性组和阴性组的临床表现相似。大多数患儿接受门诊治疗，但 45 名（35%）患儿住院治疗，3 名（2%）患儿入住重症监护病房。住院期间无死亡病例。共检测到 3 种 HRV 型别，HRV-C 最常见（52%），其次为 HRV-A（37%）和 HRV-B（11%）。在 128 名 HRV 阳性患儿中，有 20 名（16%）感染了其他呼吸道病毒，而在 92 名 HRV 阴性样本中，有 26 名（28%）感染了其他呼吸道病毒。
HRV 可能是南非急性喘息的幼儿最常见的病毒感染。感染与轻度或中度临床疾病相关。
