Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Nat Rev Urol. 2011 Apr;8(4):207-12. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2011.22. Epub 2011 Mar 15.
Acute bacterial prostatitis is a common and clinically important genitourinary disorder. Patient populations who are at especially high risk of acute prostatitis include those with diabetes, cirrhosis, and suppressed immune systems. The cause is usually an ascending infection, but bacteria can also be introduced during transrectal prostate biopsy. Clinical presentation ranges from mild lower urinary tract symptoms to full sepsis. The causative organisms are usually similar to those that cause other common genitourinary infections, and include Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. Oral or intravenous antibiotics are usually effective for curing the infection and progression to chronic bacterial prostatitis is, therefore, uncommon. Immunosuppressed patients require special consideration, as bacterial prostatitis in these patients can be caused by atypical infecting organisms and might, therefore, require additional therapies. A lack of response to standard therapy can lead to complications such as a prostatic abscess or fistula.
急性细菌性前列腺炎是一种常见且具有重要临床意义的泌尿生殖系统疾病。易患急性前列腺炎的患者人群包括糖尿病、肝硬化和免疫系统受抑制者。其病因通常为上行感染，但细菌也可在经直肠前列腺活检时被带入。临床表现从轻症下尿路症状到全身败血症不等。致病微生物通常与引起其他常见泌尿生殖系统感染的微生物相似，包括大肠杆菌和肠球菌属。口服或静脉用抗生素通常可有效治愈感染，因此很少进展为慢性细菌性前列腺炎。免疫抑制患者需要特别考虑，因为这些患者的细菌性前列腺炎可能由非典型感染病原体引起，因此可能需要额外的治疗。对标准治疗无反应可导致前列腺脓肿或瘘等并发症。
