Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
Clin Anat. 2011 Apr;24(3):294-308. doi: 10.1002/ca.21151.
High-speed biplane x-ray and neutral density targets were used to examine brain displacement and deformation, as well as aortic motion and deformation within the mediastinum, during impact. Thirty-five impacts using eight human cadaver head and neck specimens and eight impacts of the intact cadaver thorax are summarized. During impact, local brain tissue tends to keep its position and shape with respect to the inertial frame, resulting in relative motion between the brain and skull and deformation of the brain. The local brain motions tend to follow looping patterns. Similar patterns are observed for impact in different planes, with some degree of posterior-anterior and right-left symmetry. Clinically relevant damage to the aorta was observed in seven of the thorax tests. The presence of atherosclerosis was demonstrated to promote tearing. The isthmus of the aorta moved dorsocranially during frontal impact and submarining loading modes. The aortic isthmus moved medially and anteriorly during impact to the left side.
高速双翼 X 射线和中性密度靶被用于检查冲击过程中大脑的位移和变形，以及纵隔内主动脉的运动和变形。总结了 35 个人体头颅颈部标本的冲击和 8 次完整尸体胸部的冲击。在冲击过程中，局部脑组织相对于惯性参考系趋向于保持其位置和形状，导致大脑和颅骨之间发生相对运动和脑组织变形。局部脑运动倾向于遵循循环模式。在不同平面的冲击中观察到类似的模式，具有一定程度的前后和左右对称性。在 7 次胸部试验中观察到与临床相关的主动脉损伤。动脉粥样硬化的存在被证明会促进撕裂。在正面冲击和潜艇装载模式下，主动脉峡部向头侧背侧移动。在冲击到左侧时，主动脉峡部向内侧和前方移动。
