Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3211, USA.
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2011;49:533-55. doi: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-073009-114436.
This review examines the many ways in which water influences the relations between foliar bacterial pathogens and plants. As a limited resource in aerial plant tissues, water is subject to manipulation by both plants and pathogens. A model is emerging that suggests that plants actively promote localized desiccation at the infection site and thus restrict pathogen growth as one component of defense. Similarly, many foliar pathogens manipulate water relations as one component of pathogenesis. Nonvascular pathogens do this using effectors and other molecules to alter hormonal responses and enhance intercellular watersoaking, whereas vascular pathogens use many mechanisms to cause wilt. Because of water limitations on phyllosphere surfaces, bacterial colonists, including pathogens, benefit from the protective effects of cellular aggregation, synthesis of hygroscopic polymers, and uptake and production of osmoprotective compounds. Moreover, these bacteria employ tactics for scavenging and distributing water to overcome water-driven barriers to nutrient acquisition, movement, and signal exchange on plant surfaces.
这篇综述探讨了水影响叶部细菌病原体与植物之间关系的多种方式。作为空气中植物组织中有限的资源，水受到植物和病原体的共同操纵。目前正在形成一种模式，即植物主动促进感染部位的局部干燥，从而限制病原体生长，以此作为防御的一个组成部分。同样，许多叶部病原体将水分关系作为发病机制的一个组成部分进行操纵。非维管束病原体通过效应子和其他分子来改变激素反应并增强细胞间水浸，而维管束病原体则使用多种机制引起萎蔫。由于叶围表面的水分限制，包括病原体在内的细菌殖民者受益于细胞聚集、吸湿聚合物合成以及吸收和产生渗透保护化合物的保护作用。此外，这些细菌还采用了攫取水和分配水的策略，以克服水驱动的对植物表面养分获取、运动和信号交换的障碍。
