Centro Centroamericano de Poblacion, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San Jose 2060, Costa Rica.
Soc Sci Med. 2011 Apr;72(8):1228-35. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.02.027. Epub 2011 Mar 8.
Adverse economic shocks exert an influence on health perceptions, but little is known about the effect of sudden positive changes in a person's financial situation on self-rated health, particularly among low income people. This paper explores the association between an increase in the amount of non-contribution pensions, public cash transfers given to Costa Rican elderly of low socio-economic status (SES) and changes in self-rated health over time. The analysis is based on data from CRELES, the "Costa Rican Study on Longevity and Healthy Aging", which is based on a probabilistic sample of people born in 1945 or earlier, and living in Costa Rica by 2002. The fieldwork for the first and second waves of CRELES was conducted from 2004 to 2006, and from 2006 to 2008, respectively. The Costa Rican Government raised the amount of the non-contribution pension for the poor 100% before July 2007, and an additional 100% after that date. Due to the CRELES fieldwork schedule, the data have a natural quasi-experimental design, given that approximately half of CRELES respondents were interviewed before July 2007, independently of their status in receiving the public cash transfers. Using random effects ordered probit regression models, we find that people who experienced such increase report a greater improvement in self-rated health between waves than those who experienced a smaller increase and than the rest of the interviewees. Results suggest that increases in income may lead to a greater improvement in self-rated health.
不利的经济冲击会对健康感知产生影响，但人们对个人财务状况突然改善对自评健康的影响知之甚少，尤其是在低收入人群中。本文探讨了哥斯达黎加非缴费养老金金额的增加与公共现金转移支付（给予社会经济地位较低的老年人）之间的关联，以及这些变化对自评健康随时间的变化。本分析基于 CRELES 的数据，即“哥斯达黎加长寿与健康老龄化研究”，该研究基于一个出生于 1945 年或更早且在 2002 年居住在哥斯达黎加的概率样本。CRELES 的第一波和第二波实地调查分别在 2004 年至 2006 年和 2006 年至 2008 年进行。哥斯达黎加政府在 2007 年 7 月之前将非缴费养老金的金额提高了 100%，之后又提高了 100%。由于 CRELES 的实地调查时间表，这些数据具有自然的准实验设计，因为大约一半的 CRELES 受访者在 2007 年 7 月之前接受了采访，而不论他们是否收到公共现金转移支付。使用随机效应有序概率回归模型，我们发现经历这种增长的人在两次调查之间报告的自评健康改善程度大于经历较小增长的人，也大于其余受访者。结果表明，收入的增加可能会导致自评健康的更大改善。
