Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4400, USA.
Dev Psychol. 2011 Jul;47(4):1065-77. doi: 10.1037/a0023273.
Do children and adults use the same cues to judge whether someone is a reliable source of information? In 4 experiments, we investigated whether children (ages 5 and 6) and adults used information regarding accuracy, confidence, and calibration (i.e., how well an informant's confidence predicts the likelihood of being correct) to judge informants' credibility. We found that both children and adults used information about confidence and accuracy to judge credibility; however, only adults used information about informants' calibration. Adults discredited informants who exhibited poor calibration, but children did not. Requiring adult participants to complete a secondary task while evaluating informants' credibility impaired their ability to make use of calibration information. Thus, children and adults may differ in how they infer credibility because of the cognitive demands of using calibration.
儿童和成人是否使用相同的线索来判断某人是否是可靠的信息来源？在 4 项实验中，我们研究了儿童（5 岁和 6 岁）和成人是否使用有关准确性、信心和校准（即，告知者的信心如何预测正确的可能性）的信息来判断告知者的可信度。我们发现，儿童和成人都使用有关信心和准确性的信息来判断可信度；但是，只有成年人使用有关告知者校准的信息。成年人不信任表现出较差校准的告知者，但儿童则不然。要求成年参与者在评估告知者的可信度时完成次要任务会损害他们利用校准信息的能力。因此，由于使用校准的认知要求，儿童和成人在推断可信度方面可能有所不同。
