Department of Rheumatology and Medicine, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
Br J Sports Med. 2011 Apr;45(4):275-7. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2011.083956.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease in the world and the single largest cause of disability for those over 18 years. It affects more than twice as many people as does cardiac disease, and increases in incidence and prevalence with age. Animal and human studies have shown no evidence of increased risk of hip or knee OA with moderate exercise and in the absence of traumatic injury, sporting activity has a protective effect. One age-matched case control study found recreational runners who ran 12-14 miles per week for up to 40 years had no increase in radiological or symptomatic hip or knee OA. However, higher rates of hip OA occur in contact sports than in age-matched controls, with the highest rate in professional players. Soccer players with torn anterior cruciate ligaments (ACL) are more likely to develop knee OA than those with intact ACL. Early ACL repair reduces the risk of knee OA, but does not prevent it. Established injury prevention programmes have been refined to prevent injuries such as ACL rupture.
骨关节炎（OA）是世界上最常见的关节疾病，也是 18 岁以上人群残疾的单一最大原因。它影响的人数是心脏病的两倍多，并且随着年龄的增长而发病率和患病率增加。动物和人类研究都没有证据表明适度运动或没有创伤性损伤会增加髋关节或膝关节 OA 的风险，运动具有保护作用。一项年龄匹配的病例对照研究发现，每周跑步 12-14 英里，持续长达 40 年的休闲跑步者，其髋关节或膝关节的放射学或症状性 OA 没有增加。然而，接触性运动中髋关节 OA 的发生率高于年龄匹配的对照组，职业运动员中发生率最高。前交叉韧带（ACL）撕裂的足球运动员比 ACL 完好的运动员更容易发生膝关节 OA。早期 ACL 修复可降低膝关节 OA 的风险，但不能预防其发生。已对既定的损伤预防方案进行了改进，以预防 ACL 断裂等损伤。
