Merikle P M, Reingold E M
Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1990 Aug;16(3):574-83. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.16.3.574.
Stimulus detection and concurrent measures of stimulus recognition were compared to establish whether perception occurs in the absence of detection. The target stimuli were familiar words (Experiments 1 and 2), nonwords (Experiment 3), or both words and nonwords (Experiment 4). On each trial, either a stimulus or a blank field was presented. Ss first decided whether a stimulus had been presented and then made either a forced-choice recognition decision (Experiments 1, 2, and 3) or a lexical decision (Experiment 4). Both words and nonwords were recognized and discriminated following correct detections (i.e., hits). However, in the absence of stimulus detection (i.e., misses), only words were recognized or discriminated. These qualitatively different patterns of results following hits and misses for words and nonwords suggest that stimulus detection may provide an adequate measure of conscious awareness.
比较刺激检测和刺激识别的并发测量，以确定在没有检测到刺激的情况下是否会发生感知。目标刺激是熟悉的单词（实验1和2）、非单词（实验3）或单词和非单词都有（实验4）。在每次试验中，要么呈现一个刺激，要么呈现一个空白区域。被试首先判断是否呈现了刺激，然后做出强制选择识别判断（实验1、2和3）或词汇判断（实验4）。在正确检测到刺激（即命中）后，单词和非单词都能被识别和区分。然而，在没有检测到刺激（即失误）的情况下，只有单词能被识别或区分。单词和非单词在命中和失误后出现的这些质的不同的结果模式表明，刺激检测可能是有意识觉知的一个充分指标。
