Dehaene S, Dupoux E, Mehler J
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Paris, France.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1990 Aug;16(3):626-41. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.16.3.626.
Do Ss compare multidigit numbers digit by digit (symbolic model) or do they compute the whole magnitude of the numbers before comparing them (holistic model)? In 4 experiments of timed 2-digit number comparisons with a fixed standard, the findings of Hinrichs, Yurko, and Hu (1981) were extended with French Ss. Reaction times (RTs) decreased with target-standard distance, with discontinuities at the boundaries of the standard's decade appearing only with standards 55 and 66 but not with 65. The data are compatible with the holistic model. A symbolic interference model that posits the simultaneous comparison of decades and units can also account for the results. To separate the 2 models, the decades and units digits of target numbers were presented asynchronously in Experiment 4. Contrary to the prediction of the interference model, presenting the units before the decades did not change the influence of units on RTs. Pros and cons of the holistic model are discussed.
被试是逐位比较多位数（符号模型），还是在比较之前先计算数字的整体大小（整体模型）？在4个对固定标准数进行两位数比较的定时实验中，对Hinrichs、Yurko和Hu（1981）的研究结果进行了扩展，研究对象为法国被试。反应时（RTs）随着目标数与标准数的距离减小而降低，只有当标准数为55和66时，在标准数的十位数边界处才会出现不连续，而标准数为65时则不会出现。这些数据与整体模型相符。一个假设十位数和个位数同时比较的符号干扰模型也能解释这些结果。为了区分这两种模型，在实验4中异步呈现目标数的十位数和个位数。与干扰模型的预测相反，先呈现个位数再呈现十位数并没有改变个位数对反应时的影响。文中讨论了整体模型的优缺点。
