Jacquelin Perry Musculoskeletal Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9006, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Oct;43(10):1948-54. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31821a4594.
The purpose of this study was to compare kicking biomechanics between young female soccer players at two different stages of physical maturation and to identify biomechanical predictors of peak foot velocity.
Swing and stance limb kinematics and kinetics were recorded from 20 female soccer players (10 prepubertal, 10 postpubertal) while kicking a soccer ball using an angled two-step approach. Peak foot velocity as well as hip and knee kinematics and kinetics were compared between groups using independent-samples t-tests. Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression were used to identify predictors of peak foot velocity.
Peak foot velocity and the peak swing limb net hip flexor moment was significantly greater in the postpubertal group when compared with the prepubertal group (13.4 vs 11.6 m·s(-1), P = 0.003; 1.22 vs 1.07 N·m·kg(-1)·m(-1), P = 0.03). Peak stance limb hip and knee extensor moments were not different between groups. Although the peak swing limb hip and knee flexion angles were similar between groups, the postpubertal group demonstrated significantly less peak stance limb hip and knee flexion angles when compared with the prepubertal group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.045). Using a linear regression model, swing limb peak hip flexor moment and peak swing limb hip extension range of motion combined to explain 65% of the variance in peak foot velocity.
Despite a difference in stance limb kinematics, similar swing limb kinematics between groups indicates that the prepubertal female athletes kicked with a mature swing limb kick pattern. The ability to generate a large hip flexor moment of the swing limb seems to be an important factor for improving kicking performance in young female soccer players.
本研究的目的是比较处于不同身体成熟阶段的年轻女足运动员的踢球生物力学，并确定足速峰值的生物力学预测指标。
使用斜向两步法从 20 名女足运动员（10 名青春期前，10 名青春期后）中记录摆动和支撑肢体的运动学和动力学，同时踢足球。使用独立样本 t 检验比较组间的峰值足速以及髋关节和膝关节运动学和动力学。使用皮尔逊相关系数和逐步多元回归来确定峰值足速的预测指标。
与青春期前组相比，青春期后组的峰值足速和摆动肢体净髋关节屈肌力矩明显更大（13.4 比 11.6 m·s(-1)，P = 0.003；1.22 比 1.07 N·m·kg(-1)·m(-1)，P = 0.03）。组间峰值支撑肢体髋关节和膝关节伸肌力矩无差异。尽管组间的峰值摆动肢体髋关节和膝关节屈曲角度相似，但青春期后组的峰值支撑肢体髋关节和膝关节屈曲角度明显小于青春期前组（P < 0.001 和 P = 0.045）。使用线性回归模型，摆动肢体峰值髋关节屈肌力矩和摆动肢体髋关节伸展运动范围的组合共同解释了峰值足速 65%的方差。
尽管支撑肢体运动学存在差异，但组间摆动肢体运动学相似表明，青春期前的女运动员使用成熟的摆动肢体踢球模式踢球。摆动肢体产生大的髋关节屈肌力矩的能力似乎是提高年轻女足运动员踢球性能的重要因素。
