Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
J Youth Adolesc. 2012 Apr;41(4):414-25. doi: 10.1007/s10964-011-9657-3. Epub 2011 Mar 31.
The role of cognitive vulnerability in the development of depressive symptoms in youth might depend on age and gender. The current study examined cognitive vulnerability models in relationship to depressive symptoms from a developmental perspective. For that purpose, 805 youth (aged 10-18, 59.9% female) completed self-report measures. Stress-reactive rumination was strongly related to depressive symptoms. Negative cognitive style (i.e., tendency to make negative inferences) in the domains of achievement and appearance was more strongly and consistently related to depressive symptoms in girls compared to boys. Negative cognitive style in the interpersonal domain was positively related to depressive symptoms in both girls and boys, except in early adolescent girls reporting few stressors. To conclude, the cognitive vulnerability-stress interaction may be moderated by the combination of age and gender in youth, which may explain inconsistent findings so far. Current findings highlight the importance of taking into account domain specifity when examining models of depression in youth.
认知脆弱性在青少年抑郁症状发展中的作用可能取决于年龄和性别。本研究从发展的角度考察了与抑郁症状相关的认知脆弱性模型。为此，805 名青少年（年龄 10-18 岁，女性占 59.9%）完成了自我报告量表。应激反应性反刍与抑郁症状密切相关。与男孩相比，在成就和外貌领域中表现出消极认知风格（即倾向于做出消极推断）的女孩与抑郁症状的相关性更强且更一致。在人际领域中，消极认知风格与女孩和男孩的抑郁症状呈正相关，但在报告压力源较少的青春期前女孩中则不然。总之，认知易损性-应激相互作用可能会因青少年的年龄和性别组合而发生变化，这可以解释迄今为止不一致的研究结果。目前的研究结果强调了在研究青少年抑郁模型时考虑特定领域的重要性。
