Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, USA.
Annu Rev Anal Chem (Palo Alto Calif). 2011;4:321-41. doi: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061010-113938.
Ion transport and sensing in nanofluidic devices are receiving a great deal of attention because of their unique transport properties and potential analytical applications. Some aspects of microscale transport transfer directly to the nanoscale, but nanofluidic systems can be significantly influenced by phenomena such as double-layer overlap, surface charge, ion-current rectification, diffusion, and entropic forces, which are either insignificant or absent in larger microchannels. Micro- and nanofabrication techniques create features with a wide range of well-defined geometries and dimensions in synthetic and solid-state substrates. Moreover, these techniques permit coupling of multiple nano- and microscale elements, which can execute various functions. We discuss basic nanofluidic architectures, material transport properties through single and multiple nanochannels, and characterization of single particles by resistive-pulse sensing.
由于纳米流体器件具有独特的输运性质和潜在的分析应用，因此受到了广泛关注。微尺度输运的某些方面可以直接转移到纳米尺度，但纳米流体系统会受到双电层重叠、表面电荷、离子电流整流、扩散和熵力等现象的显著影响，这些现象在较大的微通道中要么不重要，要么不存在。微纳制造技术在合成和固态衬底上创建了具有广泛的定义良好的几何形状和尺寸的特征。此外，这些技术允许多个纳米和微尺度元件的耦合，这些元件可以执行各种功能。我们讨论了基本的纳米流体结构、通过单个和多个纳米通道的材料输运特性，以及通过电阻脉冲传感对单个粒子的表征。
