Department of Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TP, UK.
Public Health. 2011 Apr;125(4):210-6. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2011.01.005. Epub 2011 Mar 31.
There are few published evaluations of the effects of travel policy on health-enhancing physical activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a workplace travel plan, which mainly focused on restricting parking opportunities, on levels of active commuting and its potential to contribute to public health.
Analysis of a repeated bi-annual travel survey in a workplace setting.
Usual mode of commuting, gender, age, worksite location and distance commuted to and from work were obtained from the University of Bristol Staff Travel Surveys conducted in 1998 (n = 2292), 2001 (n = 2332), 2003 (n = 1950), 2005 (n = 2647) and 2007 (n = 2829). Z-tests were used to examine the significance of trends in active commuting between 1998 and 2007. The largest and most recent survey (2007) was used to calculate the effects of gender, age and salary band on mode of transport, length of commuter journey, and the extent to which active commuting contributed to meeting national recommendations for physical activity.
Results showed that between 1998 and 2007, in contrast to national trends, the percentage of respondents who reported that they usually walked to work increased from 19.0% to 30.0% (Z = 4.24, P < 0.001). The percentage of regular cyclists increased from 7.0% to 11.8%, but this was not statistically significant. In 2007, regular walkers were more likely to be female, under 35 years of age and earning a middle-band salary. Regular cyclists were more likely to be male, aged 36-45 years and earning a higher-band salary. Approximately 70% of respondents who usually walked or cycled to work achieved greater than 80% of the recommended guidelines for physical activity through their active commuting.
This study suggests that transport plans aimed at reducing car usage should be considered as a feasible and effective strategy for increasing health-enhancing physical activity among the workforce.
针对旅行政策对促进身体健康的体力活动的影响，目前仅有少量文献对此进行了评估。本研究旨在调查一项工作场所交通计划（主要侧重于限制停车机会）对积极通勤水平的影响，以及其对公共健康的潜在贡献。
在工作场所环境中进行重复的两年一度旅行调查分析。
1998 年（n = 2292）、2001 年（n = 2332）、2003 年（n = 1950）、2005 年（n = 2647）和 2007 年（n = 2829），我们通过在布里斯托大学进行的员工旅行调查获得了员工的常规通勤模式、性别、年龄、工作地点以及往返工作地点的距离。使用 Z 检验检验 1998 年至 2007 年积极通勤的趋势的显著性。利用规模最大和最新的调查（2007 年）来计算性别、年龄和薪资范围对交通方式、通勤距离以及积极通勤对满足国家体力活动建议的程度的影响。
结果显示，与全国趋势相反，1998 年至 2007 年间，报告经常步行上班的员工比例从 19.0%增加到 30.0%（Z = 4.24，P < 0.001）。经常骑自行车的员工比例从 7.0%增加到 11.8%，但无统计学意义。2007 年，经常步行上班的员工更可能是女性、年龄在 35 岁以下且收入处于中等水平。经常骑自行车上班的员工更可能是男性、年龄在 36-45 岁且收入处于较高水平。大约 70%经常步行或骑自行车上班的员工通过积极通勤达到了推荐的体力活动指南的 80%以上。
本研究表明，减少汽车使用的交通计划应被视为增加劳动力健康促进体力活动的可行且有效的策略。
