Petrunoff Nick, Rissel Chris, Wen Li Ming
Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Health Promotion Service, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
PLoS One. 2017 Jan 30;12(1):e0170064. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170064. eCollection 2017.
After having conducted two studies of the effectiveness of workplace travel plans for promoting active travel, we investigated health and transport practitioners' perspectives on implementing workplace travel plans to share some of the lessons learnt. The objectives of this study were to describe perceived elements of effective workplace travel plans, barriers and enablers to workplace travel planning, their experiences of working with the other profession on travel plan implementation, their recommendations for workplace travel planning, and also to explore similarities and differences in transport and health practitioner perspectives.
Fourteen health and ten transport practitioners who had prior involvement in workplace travel plan programs were purposefully selected from workplaces in Australia. We conducted 20 in-depth interviews since data saturation had been reached at this point, and data were subject to framework analysis.
Perceived essential elements of effective workplace travel plans included parking management; leadership, organisational commitment and governance; skills and other resources like a dedicated travel plan coordinator; and, pre-conditions including supportive transport infrastructure in the surrounds. Recommendations for promoting travel plans included supportive government policy, focusing on business benefits and working at different scales of implementation (e.g. single large worksites and business precincts). Health and transport practitioner perspectives differed, with transport practitioners believing that parking management is the key action for managing travel demand at a worksite.
Health practitioners implementing travel plans may require training including concepts of travel demand management, and support from transport planners on parking management strategies. Promoting an understanding of the shared travel behaviour change skills of transport and health practitioners may assist further collaboration. For take-up by organisations to be of sufficient scale to create meaningful population level reductions in driving and increases in active travel, promotion and travel plans should be focused on the priorities of the organisations. Supportive government policy is also required.
在对工作场所出行计划促进主动出行的有效性进行了两项研究之后，我们调查了健康和交通领域从业者对于实施工作场所出行计划的看法，以分享一些经验教训。本研究的目的是描述有效工作场所出行计划的感知要素、工作场所出行计划的障碍和促成因素、他们在出行计划实施过程中与其他专业人员合作的经验、他们对工作场所出行计划的建议，同时探讨交通和健康领域从业者观点的异同。
从澳大利亚的工作场所中，有目的地挑选了14名曾参与工作场所出行计划项目的健康领域从业者和10名交通领域从业者。由于此时已达到数据饱和，我们进行了20次深度访谈，并对数据进行了框架分析。
有效工作场所出行计划的感知要素包括停车管理；领导力、组织承诺和治理；技能以及其他资源，如专门负责出行计划的协调员；以及前提条件，包括周边支持性的交通基础设施。促进出行计划的建议包括支持性的政府政策，关注商业利益以及在不同实施规模（如单个大型工作场所和商业区）开展工作。健康和交通领域从业者的观点存在差异，交通领域从业者认为停车管理是管理工作场所出行需求的关键行动。
实施出行计划的健康领域从业者可能需要接受包括出行需求管理概念的培训，以及来自交通规划者在停车管理策略方面的支持。促进对交通和健康领域从业者共同的出行行为改变技能的理解，可能有助于进一步的合作。为了使各组织的采用规模足以在有意义的人群层面上减少驾车出行并增加主动出行，推广和出行计划应关注各组织的优先事项。还需要支持性的政府政策。
