神经退行性疾病中支配性、温暖和外向性的神经心理学相关性。
Neuropsychological correlates of dominance, warmth, and extraversion in neurodegenerative disease.
机构信息
Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco, 350 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-1207, USA.
出版信息
Cortex. 2012 Jun;48(6):674-82. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2011.03.001. Epub 2011 Mar 10.
INTRODUCTION
Changes in personality differ qualitatively and quantitatively among patients with different neurodegenerative diseases, likely due to divergent patterns of regional neurodegeneration. Regional damage to circuits underlying various cognitive and emotional functions have been associated with interpersonal traits like dominance, extraversion, and warmth in patients with neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting that personality may in part be mediated by these more basic neuropsychological functions. In this study, we hypothesized that different combinations of cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and emotional measures would predict different interpersonal traits in patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
METHODS
A battery of cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and emotional measures was administered to 286 patients with various neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, semantic dementia, and progressive supranuclear palsy, and informants described patients' dominance, extraversion, and warmth using the Interpersonal Adjective Scales (IAS) personality questionnaire. Regression modeling was performed to identify which neuropsychological factors uniquely predicted current personality, controlling for age, gender, and premorbid personality.
RESULTS
Social dominance covaried with patients' capacity for cognitive control and verbal fluency. Conversely, warmth did not rely on these executive or verbal skills, but covaried primarily with patients' capacity for emotional responsiveness. Extraversion, representing a blend of dominance and warmth, demonstrated an intermediate degree of relationship to both executive/verbal and emotional functions.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that different personality traits are partly subserved by specific cognitive and emotional functions in neurodegenerative disease patients. While this study was performed in the context of brain damage, the results raise the question of whether individual differences in these neuropsychological abilities may also underlie variability in normal personality.
简介
不同神经退行性疾病患者的人格变化在质和量上都有所不同，这可能是由于不同的区域性神经退行模式所致。与各种认知和情感功能相关的回路的区域损伤与神经退行性疾病患者的人际特质（如支配力、外向性和热情）有关，这表明人格可能部分受到这些更基本的神经心理学功能的影响。在这项研究中，我们假设不同的认知、神经心理和情绪测量组合将预测神经退行性疾病患者的不同人际特质。
方法
对 286 名患有各种神经退行性疾病（如阿尔茨海默病、行为变异额颞叶痴呆、语义性痴呆和进行性核上性麻痹）的患者进行了一系列认知、神经心理和情绪测试，并使用人际关系形容词量表（IAS）人格问卷让患者的家属描述患者的支配力、外向性和热情。回归模型用于确定哪些神经心理学因素可以预测当前人格，同时控制年龄、性别和发病前人格。
结果
社会支配力与患者的认知控制和言语流畅性有关。相反，温暖并不依赖于这些执行或言语技能，而是主要与患者的情感反应能力有关。外向性，代表支配力和温暖的混合，与执行/言语和情感功能都有一定程度的关系。
结论
这些发现表明，不同的人格特质在一定程度上由神经退行性疾病患者特定的认知和情感功能所支持。虽然这项研究是在大脑损伤的背景下进行的，但结果提出了一个问题，即这些神经心理学能力的个体差异是否也构成了正常人格变异性的基础。
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