Nikolašević Željka, Krstić Tatjana, Rajšli Akoš, Bugarski Ignjatović Vojislava
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychology, University of Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia.
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia.
Psychol Rep. 2024 Jun;127(3):1317-1335. doi: 10.1177/00332941221132996. Epub 2022 Oct 10.
Executive functions (ЕF) are complex cognitive processes that govern our behavior and thoughts. Associations between personality traits and executive functions clarify the mechanisms of a person's ability to function in everyday situations. The main goal of this study was to explore different personality dimensions relevant to the prediction of two different executive functions - Inhibition and Working Memory. The Big Five Inventory and the Adult Executive Functioning Inventory (ADEXI) were administered on a community sample comprising 549 young adults aged 18-35 years (mean age 22.10 years, SD 3.13). After controlling for age, gender and level of education, Conscientiousness and Extraversion were the most predictive personality traits, while Neuroticism and Agreeableness made specific contributions to the prediction of one of the two executive measures: Working Memory or Inhibition. Specifically, high Conscientiousness and Extraversion with low Neuroticism were significant predictors of Working Memory ability. On the other hand, high Conscientiousness and Agreeableness with low Extraversion predicted better Inhibition ability. These findings support the conclusion that these dimensions of individual differences seem to have numerous points of overlap at both psychological and neurobiological levels, but differences between these constructs are still significant.
执行功能（EF）是支配我们行为和思维的复杂认知过程。人格特质与执行功能之间的关联阐明了个体在日常情境中发挥功能的能力机制。本研究的主要目的是探索与两种不同执行功能——抑制和工作记忆预测相关的不同人格维度。对一个由549名年龄在18至35岁（平均年龄22.10岁，标准差3.13）的年轻人组成的社区样本施测了大五人格量表和成人执行功能量表（ADEXI）。在控制了年龄、性别和教育水平后，尽责性和外向性是最具预测性的人格特质，而神经质和宜人性对两种执行功能测量之一（工作记忆或抑制）的预测有特定贡献。具体而言，高尽责性、外向性且低神经质是工作记忆能力的显著预测指标。另一方面，高尽责性、宜人性且低外向性预测了更好的抑制能力。这些发现支持了这样的结论：个体差异的这些维度在心理和神经生物学层面似乎有许多重叠点，但这些构念之间的差异仍然显著。
