Stanford Clinical Laboratory at Hillview, 3375 Hillview Avenue, MC 5627, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1204, USA.
Biomark Med. 2011 Apr;5(2):117-30. doi: 10.2217/bmm.11.21.
The increased incidence of sepsis, a systemic response to infection that occurs in some patients, has stimulated interest in identifying infected patients who are at risk and intervening early. When this condition progresses to severe sepsis (characterized by organ dysfunction), mortality is high. Hospitals that have implemented recommendations of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign have seen a reduction in mortality rate for hospital-acquired severe sepsis. They may reduce this further by focusing on new approaches to diagnosing sepsis, especially at an early stage. Sepsis is a complicated syndrome with many physiological derangements and many emerging laboratory markers of sepsis have been proposed as adjuncts to clinical evaluation. The list includes cytokines, acute phase proteins, neutrophil activation markers, markers of abnormal coagulation and, recently, markers of suppression of both the innate and adaptive immune response. The perfect biomarker would accurately identify patients at risk of developing severe sepsis and then guide targeted therapy.
败血症（感染导致的全身性炎症反应综合征）发病率的上升，促使人们关注识别处于风险中的感染患者并尽早进行干预。当这种情况进展为严重败血症（以器官功能障碍为特征）时，死亡率很高。已经实施了《拯救败血症运动》建议的医院，其医院获得性严重败血症的死亡率有所降低。通过关注诊断败血症的新方法（尤其是早期阶段），他们可能会进一步降低死亡率。败血症是一种复杂的综合征，存在多种生理紊乱，许多新的败血症实验室标志物已被提议作为临床评估的辅助手段。这些标志物包括细胞因子、急性期蛋白、中性粒细胞激活标志物、异常凝血标志物，以及最近的先天和适应性免疫反应抑制标志物。理想的生物标志物应该能够准确识别出有发展为严重败血症风险的患者，然后指导靶向治疗。
