Second Military Medical University, School of Nursing, Shanghai, PR China.
Int J Nurs Stud. 2011 Oct;48(10):1281-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.03.002. Epub 2011 Apr 6.
Seasonal influenza has become a serious public health problem worldwide and vaccination is recognized as the most effective preventative measure. Healthcare workers can be the vectors of influenza outbreaks. Data suggest that nurses' vaccination remains suboptimal worldwide.
To explore the relationship among nurses' knowledge, risk perception and their vaccination behaviours and the reasons for vaccination uptake.
A cross-sectional survey.
Participants were recruited from the nurses enrolled on continuing professional education courses at a large university in London.
A sample of 522 nurses returned completed questionnaires (response rate 77.7%). Most of the respondents were women, worked in hospitals and had direct patient contact. The mean years qualified as a nurse were 11.9 ± 8.75 years.
The survey instrument examined nurses' knowledge about influenza and vaccination, risk perception towards influenza and pandemics, vaccination behaviours and reasons for vaccination acceptance or refusal. The survey also collected data regarding gender, age, highest educational qualification, work place, clinical specialty, qualified years as a nurse, and whether they had direct patient contact.
The influenza vaccination rate among the respondents was 36% with about 41% never vaccinated. Nurses with a high knowledge level were more likely to get vaccinated compared to those with a low knowledge level (p<0.001). Vaccination rates between the high risk perception and low risk perception groups were different (p=0.019). Sentinel knowledge items were associated with nurses' vaccination status. Several risk perception items including personal vulnerability to influenza or H1N1, mortality risk of H1N1, and the likelihood of transmitting influenza to patients were also predictors of vaccination uptake. Vaccinated nurses were more likely to recommend vaccination to their patients (p<0.001). The most frequent reason for vaccination refusal was concern about the side-effects of the vaccination while self-protection was the most frequent reason for vaccination uptake.
This study confirmed a relationship between knowledge, risk perception and vaccination behaviours among nurses. The identified sentinel items of knowledge and risk perception could inform future vaccination campaigns. The clinical specialty of nurses and the importance of accessibility to vaccination as predictors of vaccine uptake require further exploration.
季节性流感已成为全球严重的公共卫生问题，接种疫苗被认为是最有效的预防措施。医护人员可能成为流感爆发的传播者。数据表明，全球范围内护士的疫苗接种率仍不理想。
探讨护士的知识、风险认知与其接种行为之间的关系，以及接种的原因。
横断面调查。
参与者从伦敦一所大型大学的继续教育课程中招募的护士中招募。
522 名护士完成了调查问卷（应答率 77.7%）。大多数受访者为女性，在医院工作并直接接触患者。护士的平均工作年限为 11.9±8.75 年。
调查工具检查了护士对流感和疫苗接种的知识、对流感和大流行的风险认知、接种行为以及接种接受或拒绝的原因。该调查还收集了有关性别、年龄、最高教育资格、工作场所、临床专业、护士工作年限以及是否直接接触患者的数据。
受访者中流感疫苗接种率为 36%，其中约 41%从未接种过疫苗。知识水平高的护士比知识水平低的护士更有可能接种疫苗（p<0.001）。高风险认知和低风险认知组之间的疫苗接种率不同（p=0.019）。哨点知识项目与护士的接种状况相关。包括个人对流感或 H1N1 的易感性、H1N1 的死亡率风险以及将流感传播给患者的可能性在内的几个风险认知项目也是疫苗接种率的预测因素。接种疫苗的护士更有可能向患者推荐疫苗接种（p<0.001）。接种疫苗最常见的拒绝原因是担心疫苗的副作用，而自我保护是接种疫苗的最常见原因。
本研究证实了护士的知识、风险认知和接种行为之间存在关系。确定的知识和风险认知哨点项目可以为未来的疫苗接种活动提供信息。护士的临床专业以及疫苗接种的可及性作为疫苗接种率的预测因素需要进一步探索。
