Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.
BMC Public Health. 2011 Apr 8;11:221. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-221.
Tooth loss impairs oral function. The aim of the present review was to evaluate the causal association between smoking and tooth loss on the basis of high-quality studies.
Relevant literature was searched and screened, and the methodological quality was assessed. Information on the strength of the association between smoking and tooth loss, the dose-response relationship and natural experimental data was collected and evaluated with respect to consistency and study design.
Our literature search yielded 496 citations, and 6 cross-sectional and 2 cohort high-quality studies examining 58,755 subjects in four countries. All studies reported significant associations, although the strength of the association was usually moderate. Four studies reported dose-response relationships between exposure to smoking and the risk of developing tooth loss. A decrease in the risk of tooth loss for former smokers was evident in six studies. Interpretation of evidence for each element was consistent, despite some shortcomings regarding study type and population.
Based on the consistent evidence found with the existing biological plausibility, a causal association between smoking and tooth loss is highly likely. Further studies using a cohort design and different populations are necessary to confirm this association.
牙齿缺失会影响口腔功能。本综述旨在基于高质量研究评估吸烟与牙齿缺失之间的因果关系。
搜索并筛选相关文献，并评估方法学质量。收集并评估有关吸烟与牙齿缺失之间关联强度、剂量反应关系和自然实验数据的一致性和研究设计信息。
我们的文献检索产生了 496 条引文，有 6 项横断面研究和 2 项队列研究，涉及四个国家的 58755 名受试者。所有研究均报告了显著的相关性，尽管关联强度通常为中度。四项研究报告了吸烟暴露与牙齿缺失风险之间的剂量-反应关系。六项研究报告了曾经吸烟者牙齿缺失风险降低。尽管在研究类型和人群方面存在一些缺陷，但对每个要素的证据解释是一致的。
基于现有的生物学合理性，发现了一致的证据，表明吸烟与牙齿缺失之间存在因果关系。使用队列设计和不同人群的进一步研究对于证实这种关联是必要的。
