Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Rovira i Virgili University, Sescelades Campus, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, s/n, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
Talanta. 2011 May 15;84(3):859-66. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.02.009. Epub 2011 Feb 25.
Solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with liquid chromatography electrospray mass spectrometry (LC-(ESI)MS) was used to determine 16 non-ionic and anionic surfactants in different environmental water samples at ng L(-1) levels. The proposed method is sensitive and simple and has good linear range and detection limits (less than 50 ng L(-1)) for most compound classes. The effect of ion suppression was studied in aqueous matrices from several treatment plants-including urban and industrial wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), drinking-water treatment plants (DWTPs) and seawater desalination plants (SWDPs)-and it was considered when quantifying our samples. In addition, conventional treatments and tertiary treatments that use advanced membrane technologies, such as ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) were evaluated in order to determine their efficiency in eliminating these compounds. The concentrations of non-ionic surfactants in the raw waters studied ranged from 0.2 to 100 μg L(-1). In effluents, the concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 5 μg L(-1), which reflects consistent elimination. Anionic surfactants were present in all waters studied at higher levels. Levels up to 3900μgL(-1) of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LASs) and 32,000 μg L(-1) of alkyl ethoxysulfates (AESs) were detected in urban WWTP influents, while levels up to 25 μg L(-1) of LASs and 114 μg L(-1) of AESs were found in drinking-water and desalination treatment plants. The results indicate that conventional processes alone are not sufficient to completely remove the studied surfactants from waste streams. Tertiary treatments that use advanced membrane technologies such as UF and RO can further reduce the amount of target compounds in the effluent water.
固相萃取（SPE）结合液相色谱电喷雾质谱（LC-（ESI）MS）用于测定不同环境水样中 16 种非离子和阴离子表面活性剂，检测限达到 ng L(-1)水平。该方法灵敏、简单，大多数化合物的线性范围和检测限（小于 50 ng L(-1)）都较好。研究了来自多个处理厂（包括城市和工业废水处理厂（WWTPs）、饮用水处理厂（DWTPs）和海水淡化厂（SWDPs））的水基质的离子抑制效应，并在定量分析样品时予以考虑。此外，还评估了使用超滤（UF）和反渗透（RO）等先进膜技术的常规处理和三级处理，以确定它们消除这些化合物的效率。研究原水中非离子表面活性剂的浓度范围为 0.2 至 100 μg L(-1)。在废水中，浓度范围为 0.1 至 5 μg L(-1)，这反映了一致的消除效果。所有研究水样中均存在阴离子表面活性剂，浓度较高。在城市 WWTP 进水口中，线性烷基苯磺酸盐（LASs）的浓度高达 3900μgL(-1)，乙氧基化烷基硫酸盐（AESs）的浓度高达 32000 μg L(-1)，而在饮用水和海水淡化处理厂中，LASs 的浓度高达 25 μg L(-1)，AESs 的浓度高达 114 μg L(-1)。结果表明，仅采用常规处理工艺无法将研究的表面活性剂从废水中完全去除。采用超滤（UF）和反渗透（RO）等先进膜技术的三级处理可以进一步降低出水目标化合物的含量。
