Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza-Brianza, Italy.
Minerva Anestesiol. 2011 Apr;77(4):439-47.
This is a review of some of the main findings obtained by positron emission tomography (PET) concerning the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury. PET (which is nowadays often combined with computed tomography) is a functional imaging technique based on the detection of a labeled molecule administered to a subject. Based on the molecule used, different lung functions can be imaged. Examples include inhaled, labeled nitrogen, which allows us to visualize regional aeration and ventilation, whereas lung perfusion has been studied by means of labeled water or by injected nitrogen dissolved in saline. With this latter technique, a global assessment of regional gas exchange is possible. Administration of [18F]FDG facilitates the imaging of cellular metabolic activity, reflecting an acute neutrophil-sustained inflammatory process. This technique has been used in experimental ARDS and, more recently, in patients. It showed, for example, that inflammatory activity of the lungs is markedly increased even in "normally aerated" regions at levels that are, in some cases, even higher than in the non-aerated regions.
这是对正电子发射断层扫描（PET）在急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）和急性肺损伤的病理生理学方面获得的一些主要发现的综述。PET（现在通常与计算机断层扫描结合使用）是一种基于对给予受检者的标记分子的检测的功能成像技术。根据所用的分子，可以对不同的肺功能进行成像。例如，吸入的标记氮可用于可视化区域通气和通气，而肺灌注则通过标记水或注入溶于生理盐水的氮来研究。通过后一种技术，可以对区域性气体交换进行整体评估。施用[18F]FDG 有助于对细胞代谢活性进行成像，反映出急性中性粒细胞持续的炎症过程。该技术已在实验性 ARDS 中使用，并且最近在患者中也使用了该技术。例如，它表明即使在“正常充气”区域，肺部的炎症活动也明显增加，在某些情况下，甚至高于未充气区域。
