Creation of nanostructures by interference lithography for modulation of cell behavior.

Emerging evidence of the striking differences that can be induced in the behavior of biological cells through topographical modulation of physically and chemically patterned nanostructured surfaces provides a great impetus for developing novel cellular-scale and sub-cellular-scale nanopatterned substrates and for employing them for exciting new applications in life and medical sciences and biotechnology. However, the lack of availability of cost-effective, large-surface-area nanofabricated substrates of appropriate dimensions and features has proved to be a major impediment for research in this area. Here, we demonstrate a simple and cost-effective method based on interference lithography to produce spatially precise and wide-surface-coverage silicon- and polymer-based nanostructures to study how cells react to nanoscale structures or surfaces.