Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK.
Autism. 2012 Jan;16(1):45-57. doi: 10.1177/1362361311403783. Epub 2011 Apr 12.
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often display impairments in creativity, yet savant artists with ASD are reported to produce highly novel and original artistic outputs. To explore this paradox, we assessed nine savant artists with ASD, nine talented art students, nine non-artistically talented individuals with ASD, and nine individuals with mild/moderate learning difficulties (MLD) on tasks in and out of their domain of expertise. This was to ascertain whether the performance of the savant artists was related to their artistic ability, their diagnosis of ASD or their level of intellectual functioning. Results demonstrated that the responses of the art students were more creative (as assessed on measures of fluency, originality, elaboration, and flexibility) than the savant, ASD, and MLD groups on a drawing task. Although the savants did produce more elaborative responses than the ASD and MLD groups, no differences were observed on the other indices of creativity. On a non-drawing task, the savants produced more original outputs than the ASD and MLD groups (scoring similarly to the art students), but group differences were not observed on the other measures.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）患者通常在创造力方面存在障碍，但据报道，自闭症学者症候群患者会产生高度新颖和原创的艺术作品。为了探索这一悖论，我们评估了九位自闭症学者症候群艺术家、九位有天赋的艺术学生、九位非艺术天赋的自闭症患者和九位轻度/中度学习困难（MLD）患者，让他们在专业领域内外的任务中进行表现。这是为了确定学者症候群艺术家的表现是否与其艺术能力、自闭症诊断或智力水平有关。结果表明，在绘画任务中，艺术学生的反应比学者症候群、自闭症和 MLD 组更具创造力（通过流畅性、原创性、阐述和灵活性等指标进行评估）。尽管学者症候群患者的反应比自闭症和 MLD 组更具阐述性，但在其他创造力指标上没有观察到差异。在非绘画任务中，学者症候群患者比自闭症和 MLD 组产生了更多原创性的产出（与艺术学生的得分相似），但在其他指标上没有观察到组间差异。
