State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Molecules. 2011 Apr 13;16(4):3077-88. doi: 10.3390/molecules16043077.
In our screening program for new agrochemicals from Chinese medicinal herbs and wild plants, Zanthoxylum schinifolium essential oils were found to possess strong insecticidal activity against the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais. The essential oils of Z. schinifolium fruits and leaves were extracted via hydrodistillation and investigated by GC and GC-MS. Estragole (69.52%) was the major compound of the essential oil of fresh fruits, followed by linalool (8.63%) and limonene (4.34%) and 94.33% of the total components were monoterpenoids. The main components of the essential oil of fresh leaves were linalool (12.94%), ar-tumerone (8.95%), limonene (6.45%) and elixene (5.43%) and only 50.62% were monoterpenoids. However, the essential oil from purchased fruits contained linalool (33.42%), limonene (13.66%) and sabinene (5.72%), followed by estragole (4.67%), nerol (4.56%) and 4-terpineol (4.27%). Estragole, linalool and sabinene were separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography, and further identified by means of physicochemical and spectrometric analysis. The essential oil from the fresh fruits (LD₅₀ = 15.93 μg/adult) possessed two times more toxicity to the insects compared with that of fresh leaves (LD₅₀ = 35.31 μg/adult). Estragole, linalool and sabinene exhibited contact activity against S. zeamais with LD₅₀ values of 17.63, 13.90 and 23.98 μg/adult, respectively. The essential oils of Z. schinifolium possessed strong fumigant toxicity against S. zeamais adults with LC₅₀ values of 13.19 mg/L (fresh fruits), 24.04 mg/L (fresh leaves) and 17.63 mg/L (purchased fruits). Estragole, linalool and sabinene also exhibited strong fumigant toxicity against the maize weevils with LC₅₀ values of 14.10, 10.46 and 9.12 mg/L, respectively.
在我们对来自中国草药和野生植物的新型农用化学品的筛选计划中，发现花椒精油对玉米象 Sitophilus zeamais 具有很强的杀虫活性。花椒的果实和叶片精油通过水蒸馏提取，并通过 GC 和 GC-MS 进行了研究。黄樟素（69.52%）是新鲜果实精油的主要成分，其次是芳樟醇（8.63%）和柠檬烯（4.34%），总成分的 94.33%为单萜。新鲜叶片精油的主要成分是芳樟醇（12.94%）、α-姜黄烯（8.95%）、柠檬烯（6.45%）和埃里克斯烯（5.43%），只有 50.62%为单萜。然而，从购买的果实中提取的精油含有芳樟醇（33.42%）、柠檬烯（13.66%）和桧烯（5.72%），其次是黄樟素（4.67%）、橙花醇（4.56%）和 4-萜烯醇（4.27%）。黄樟素、芳樟醇和桧烯通过硅胶柱色谱和制备薄层层析进行分离和纯化，并通过物理化学和光谱分析进一步鉴定。与新鲜叶片精油（LD₅₀=35.31μg/成虫）相比，新鲜果实精油（LD₅₀=15.93μg/成虫）对昆虫的毒性高两倍。黄樟素、芳樟醇和桧烯对 S. zeamais 具有接触活性，LD₅₀ 值分别为 17.63、13.90 和 23.98μg/成虫。花椒精油对 S. zeamais 成虫具有强烈的熏气毒性，LC₅₀ 值分别为 13.19mg/L（新鲜果实）、24.04mg/L（新鲜叶片）和 17.63mg/L（购买果实）。黄樟素、芳樟醇和桧烯对玉米象也具有很强的熏气毒性，LC₅₀ 值分别为 14.10、10.46 和 9.12mg/L。
