Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
Curr Pharm Des. 2011;17(12):1168-72. doi: 10.2174/138161211795656747.
The concept of "food addiction" is gaining acceptance among the scientific community, and much is known about the influence of various components of food (e.g. high-fat, sugar, carbohydrate, salt) on behavior and physiology. Most of the studies to date have studied these consequences following relatively long-term diet manipulations and/or relatively free access to the food of interest. It is suggested that these types of studies are primarily tapping into the energy regulation and homeostatic processes that govern food intake and consumption. More recently, the overlap between the neurobiology of "reward-related" or hedonic effects of food ingestion and other reinforcers such as drugs of abuse has been highlighted, contributing to the notion that "food addiction" exists and that various components of food may be the substance of abuse. Based on preclinical animal models of drug addiction, a new direction for this field is using self-administration procedures and identifying an addiction-like behavioral phenotype in animals following various environmental, genetic, pharmacological, and neurobiological manipulations. Here we provide examples from this research area, with a focus on fat and sugar self-administration, and how the sophisticated animal models of drug addiction can be used to study the determinants and consequences of food addiction.
“食物成瘾”的概念在科学界逐渐得到认可，人们已经了解了食物的各种成分（如高脂肪、高糖、高碳水化合物、高盐）对行为和生理的影响。迄今为止，大多数研究都是在对食物进行长期操纵和/或相对自由获取感兴趣的食物之后，研究这些后果。这些类型的研究主要针对的是控制食物摄入和消耗的能量调节和体内平衡过程。最近，人们强调了食物摄入的“与奖励相关”或享乐效应的神经生物学与其他强化物（如滥用药物）之间的重叠，这有助于人们认为“食物成瘾”的存在，以及食物的各种成分可能是滥用的物质。基于药物成瘾的临床前动物模型，该领域的一个新方向是使用自我给药程序，并在各种环境、遗传、药理学和神经生物学操作后，在动物中确定类似成瘾的行为表型。在这里，我们提供了该研究领域的一些例子，重点是脂肪和糖的自我给药，以及如何使用复杂的药物成瘾动物模型来研究食物成瘾的决定因素和后果。
