Department of Pediatric Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland.
Thromb Res. 2011 Nov;128(5):477-82. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2011.03.013. Epub 2011 Apr 13.
Although the pig is a standard model for the evaluation of various diseases in humans, including coagulopathy, it is not clear whether results in animals can be extrapolated to man.
In 75 anesthetized pigs, we assessed reagent-supported thrombelastometry (ExTEM®), platelet-blocked thrombelastometry (FibTEM®), and aprotinin thrombelastometry (ApTEM®). Results were compared to values from 13 anesthetized humans. RESULTS (MEDIAN, 95% CI): ExTEM®: While clot strength was comparable in pigs (66 mm, 65-67 mm) and in humans (64 mm, 60-68 mm; NS), clotting time in animals was longer (pigs 64 s, 62-66 s; humans 55 s, 49-71 s; P<0.05) and clot formation time shorter (pigs 52 s, 49-54 s; humans 83 s, 67-98 s, P<0.001). The clot lysis index at 30 minutes was lower in animals (96.9%, 95.1-97.3%) than in humans (99.5%, 98.6-99.9%; P<0.001). ApTEM® showed no hyperfibrinolysis in animals. Modification of the anesthesia protocol in animals resulted in significant ExTEM® changes. FibTEM®: Complete platelet inhibition yielded significantly higher platelet contribution to clot strength in pigs (79%, 76-81%) than in humans (73%, 71-77%; P<0.05), whereas fibrinogen contribution to clot strength was higher in humans (27%, 24-29%) than in animals (21%, 19-24%; P<0.05).
Maximum clot firmness is comparable in human and porcine blood. However, clot lysis, platelet and fibrinogen contribution to clot strength, as well as initiation and propagation of clotting, are considerably different between pigs and humans. In addition, anesthesic drugs seem to influence thrombelastometry in animals. Accordingly, coagulation abnormalities in pigs subjected to diseases may not necessarily represent the coagulation profile in sick patients.
尽管猪是评估人类各种疾病（包括凝血障碍）的标准模型，但尚不清楚动物的结果是否可以推断到人类身上。
在 75 头麻醉猪中，我们评估了试剂支持的血栓弹力描记术（ExTEM®）、血小板阻断的血栓弹力描记术（FibTEM®）和抑肽酶的血栓弹力描记术（ApTEM®）。结果与 13 名麻醉人类的数值进行了比较。
结果（中位数，95%CI）：ExTEM®：尽管猪（66 毫米，65-67 毫米）和人类（64 毫米，60-68 毫米；无统计学意义）的凝块强度相当，但动物的凝血时间更长（猪 64 秒，62-66 秒；人类 55 秒，49-71 秒；P<0.05），凝血形成时间更短（猪 52 秒，49-54 秒；人类 83 秒，67-98 秒，P<0.001）。30 分钟时的凝块溶解指数在动物中较低（96.9%，95.1-97.3%），而在人类中较高（99.5%，98.6-99.9%；P<0.001）。动物中的 ApTEM®未显示出过度纤维蛋白溶解。动物麻醉方案的修改导致 ExTEM®的显著变化。FibTEM®：完全血小板抑制使猪的血小板对凝块强度的贡献显著高于人类（79%，76-81%），而人类的纤维蛋白原对凝块强度的贡献更高（27%，24-29%）比动物（21%，19-24%；P<0.05）。
人和猪的血液最大凝块硬度相当。然而，凝块溶解、血小板和纤维蛋白原对凝块强度的贡献，以及凝血的起始和扩展，在猪和人类之间有很大的不同。此外，麻醉药物似乎会影响动物的血栓弹力描记术。因此，患有疾病的猪的凝血异常不一定代表患病患者的凝血状况。
