Differential regulation of natriuretic peptide biosynthesis in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.

Chromaffin cells synthesize and secrete two forms of natriuretic peptides which are also found in the heart and in the central nervous system. While atrial tissue predominantly contains atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), brain tissue appears to produce relatively larger amounts of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) also identified as aldosterone secretion inhibitory factor (ASIF), suggesting tissue-specific differential regulation of these two peptides. This report compares the modulation of the biosynthesis and secretion of ASIF with that of ANF using cultured chromaffin cells as a model system. Cholinergic nicotinic activation and KCl depolarization induce a 5-fold increase of the corelease of ASIF and pro-ASIF in cell culture medium concomitantly with a 3-fold stimulation of ANF and pro-ANF cosecretion. While the combined treatment with phorbol ester and forskolin produces a 2-fold increase in total ANF level, it induces a synergistic 20-fold elevation of total ASIF level. These results indicate that chromaffin cell secretagogues induce the cosecretion of both the precursor and mature forms of ASIF and ANF. The preferential stimulation of ASIF production is revealed by the combined treatment rendering the ASIF to ANF proportion similar to that in brain.