King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London, UK.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2011 Jul;39(5):623-32. doi: 10.1007/s10802-011-9513-7.
DSM-IV distinguishes two symptom domains of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): inattentiveness and hyperactivity-impulsivity. The present study examines the aetiologies and developmental relations underlying the associations between inattentiveness and hyperactivity-impulsivity over time, based on a representative population sample from the United Kingdom of approximately 7,000 twin pairs. ADHD symptoms were assessed as continuous dimensions using the DSM-IV items from the Conners' Parent Rating Scale at two ages: middle childhood (age 1) and early adolescence (age 2). Quantitative genetic cross-lagged analyses showed that the association of the ADHD dimensions over time is influenced by stable as well as newly developing genetic factors. Moreover the longitudinal relationship between the ADHD dimensions appears to be unidirectional, with hyperactivity-impulsivity in middle childhood predicting the presence of inattentiveness in early adolescence, but not vice versa. Thus, hyperactivity-impulsivity may serve to exacerbate inattentiveness over time. Findings are discussed in the context of developmental changes in ADHD symptoms.
DSM-IV 将注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的两个症状领域区分开来：注意力不集中和多动冲动。本研究基于英国约 7000 对双胞胎的代表性人群样本，考察了注意力不集中和多动冲动随时间发展的病因和发展关系。使用 DSM-IV 项目从康纳斯父母评定量表中以连续维度评估 ADHD 症状在两个年龄：儿童中期（年龄 1）和青少年早期（年龄 2）。定量遗传交叉滞后分析表明，ADHD 维度随时间的关联受到稳定和新发展的遗传因素的影响。此外，ADHD 维度之间的纵向关系似乎是单向的，儿童中期的多动冲动预测青少年早期注意力不集中的存在，但反之则不然。因此，多动冲动可能会随着时间的推移加剧注意力不集中。研究结果在 ADHD 症状的发展变化背景下进行了讨论。
