World Health Organization, Country Office, Islamabad, Pakistan.
East Mediterr Health J. 2010;16 Suppl:S24-30.
Smokeless tobacco (ST), widely used in Pakistan, poses a high risk for oral cancer. Our hospital-based data illustrate that oropharyngeal cancer (9.9%) is the second leading malignancy after breast cancer (16.1%), and is significantly higher than in other Member States of the World Health Organization's Eastern Mediterranean Region. Urdu-speaking communities had a proportionately higher rate of oropharyngeal cancer (20.4%), followed by Balochis (19.9%), Sindhis (16.8%), Punjabis (11.7%) and Pashtuns (9.6%). Association of oropharyngeal cancer with ST use was four times higher relative to no history of tobacco use after adjustingfor age, ethnicity and gender. Our findings also show a predominance of this cancer among males relative to females and one-third of the reported cases occurred among individuals under 40 years. These findings have significant social impact, indicating the need for urgent intervention against the use of ST.
无烟烟草（ST）在巴基斯坦广泛使用，对口腔癌构成高风险。我们的医院数据表明，口咽癌（9.9%）是继乳腺癌（16.1%）之后的第二大恶性肿瘤，明显高于世界卫生组织东地中海区域其他成员国。讲乌尔都语的社区口咽癌发病率比例较高（20.4%），其次是俾路支人（19.9%）、信德人（16.8%）、旁遮普人（11.7%）和普什图人（9.6%）。调整年龄、族裔和性别因素后，与无烟草使用史相比，口咽癌与 ST 使用的关联高出四倍。我们的研究结果还表明，这种癌症在男性中的发病率相对较高，女性发病率较低，报告的病例中有三分之一发生在 40 岁以下人群中。这些发现具有重大的社会影响，表明需要紧急干预 ST 的使用。
