Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Colorado State University, Colorado, USA.
Equine Vet J. 2011 Sep;43(5):516-21. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00321.x. Epub 2011 Mar 11.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent and debilitating conditions affecting the horse. Autologous conditioned serum (ACS), commercially available as IRAP and IRAP II, is a recently developed treatment for OA in which plasma is prepared from venous blood by incubation with glass beads for 24 h. This product has been shown to increase anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors in human blood. However, data for equine ACS preparations are lacking.
To characterise the protein profiles produced by commercially available ACS systems in equine blood.
Blood was drawn from 5 horses into 6 groups: red top vacutainer (control), IRAP and IRAP II, with and without heparin. Samples were collected 1 or 24 h post draw and analysed for IL-1ra, IL-10, IGF-1, TGF-β, TNF-α and IL-1β using ELISAs.
Twenty-four hour IRAP and IRAP II samples contained significantly higher levels of all cytokines relative to 1 h serum controls. At 24 h, IRAP II contained significantly higher levels of IL-1ra and IRAP contained significantly higher levels of TNF-α, compared to 24 h controls. In addition, TGF-β, IL-10 and IL-1β in IRAP and IRAP II sera were similar to 24 h serum controls. The addition of heparin significantly reduced levels of IGF-1, TNF-α and TGF-β, and significantly elevated levels of IL-1ra.
The cytokine profile that IRAP II produced is modestly better than IRAP. Incubation of whole blood in glass tubes stimulated cytokine synthesis, although not as efficiently as IRAP II.
Although high levels of IL-1ra were found in ACS, elevation of other factors suggests these cytokines play a previously understated role in clinical improvements. Because ACS has been shown to alleviate clinical symptoms of OA, the present study suggests that factors other than IL-1ra alone might be involved in its clinical efficacy. Species-dependent elevations of cytokines warrant further investigation and optimisation of the systems appears to be necessary based on the differences between human and equine blood.
骨关节炎（OA）是一种最常见且使人虚弱的影响马的疾病。自体条件血清（ACS），商品名为 IRAP 和 IRAP II，是一种最近开发的 OA 治疗方法，其中通过用玻璃珠孵育从静脉血中制备血浆 24 小时。该产品已被证明可增加人血液中的抗炎细胞因子和生长因子。然而，缺乏马 ACS 制剂的数据。
描述商业上可用的 ACS 系统在马血液中产生的蛋白质图谱。
将 5 匹马的血液分别采集到 6 组：红帽真空管（对照）、IRAP 和 IRAP II，有和没有肝素。采集样本后 1 或 24 小时，使用 ELISA 分析 IL-1ra、IL-10、IGF-1、TGF-β、TNF-α 和 IL-1β。
24 小时的 IRAP 和 IRAP II 样本中所有细胞因子的水平均明显高于 1 小时血清对照。与 24 小时对照相比，24 小时 IRAP II 中含有更高水平的 IL-1ra，IRAP 含有更高水平的 TNF-α。此外，IRAP 和 IRAP II 血清中的 TGF-β、IL-10 和 IL-1β 与 24 小时血清对照相似。肝素的添加显著降低了 IGF-1、TNF-α 和 TGF-β 的水平，并显著升高了 IL-1ra 的水平。
IRAP II 产生的细胞因子谱略优于 IRAP。全血在玻璃管中的孵育刺激了细胞因子的合成，尽管不如 IRAP II 有效。
尽管 ACS 中发现了高水平的 IL-1ra，但其他因子的升高表明这些细胞因子在临床改善中发挥的作用以前被低估了。由于 ACS 已被证明可以缓解 OA 的临床症状，本研究表明，除了 IL-1ra 之外，其他因素可能参与了其临床疗效。基于人与马血液之间的差异，种属依赖性细胞因子的升高需要进一步研究和对系统的优化。
