Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology, Heart Failure Research Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Med Biol Eng Comput. 2011 Jul;49(7):723-32. doi: 10.1007/s11517-011-0776-5. Epub 2011 Apr 16.
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality, morbidity, hospitalization and impaired quality of life. In most, if not all, pathologic cardiac ischemia ensues triggering a succession of events leading to massive death of cardiomyocytes, fibroblast and extracellular matrix accumulation, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy which culminates in heart failure and eventually death. Though current pharmacological treatment is able to delay the succession of events and as a consequence the development of heart failure, the only currently available and effective treatment of end-stage heart failure is heart transplantation. However, donor heart availability and immunorejection upon transplantation seriously limit the applicability. Cardiac regeneration could provide a solution, making real a dream of both scientist and clinician in the previous century and ending an ongoing challenge for this century. In this review, we present a basic overview of the various cell types that have been used in both the clinical and research setting with respect to myocardial differentiation.
心血管疾病是导致死亡、发病、住院和生活质量下降的主要原因。在大多数（如果不是全部）情况下，病理性心肌缺血会引发一系列事件，导致大量心肌细胞、成纤维细胞和细胞外基质死亡，心肌细胞肥大，最终导致心力衰竭，甚至死亡。尽管目前的药物治疗能够延缓这些事件的发生，从而延缓心力衰竭的发展，但目前唯一有效的终末期心力衰竭治疗方法是心脏移植。然而，供心的可用性和移植后的免疫排斥反应严重限制了其适用性。心脏再生可以提供一种解决方案，实现上世纪科学家和临床医生的梦想，并为本世纪的持续挑战提供答案。在这篇综述中，我们就心肌分化方面，对已在临床和研究环境中使用的各种细胞类型进行了基本概述。
