Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-5055, USA.
FEBS J. 2011 Jul;278(13):2211-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08126.x. Epub 2011 May 26.
Steroid hormone receptors regulate gene transcription in a highly tissue-specific manner. The local chromatin structure underlying promoters and hormone response elements is a major component involved in controlling these highly restricted expression patterns. Chromatin remodeling complexes, as well as histone and DNA modifying enzymes, are directed to gene-specific regions and create permissive or repressive chromatin environments. These structures further enable proper communication between transcription factors, co-regulators and basic transcription machinery. The regulatory elements active at target genes can be either constitutively accessible to receptors or subject to rapid receptor-dependent modification. The chromatin states responsible for these processes are in turn determined during development and differentiation. Thus access of regulatory factors to elements in chromatin provides a major level of cell selective regulation.
甾体激素受体以高度组织特异性的方式调节基因转录。启动子和激素反应元件所涉及的局部染色质结构是控制这些高度受限表达模式的主要组成部分。染色质重塑复合物以及组蛋白和 DNA 修饰酶被定向到基因特异性区域，并创建允许或抑制染色质环境。这些结构进一步使转录因子、共调节剂和基本转录机制之间能够进行适当的通信。靶基因上活跃的调节元件可以是受体持续可及的，也可以是受体快速依赖的修饰。负责这些过程的染色质状态反过来又在发育和分化过程中确定。因此，调节因子进入染色质元件提供了细胞选择性调节的主要水平。
