Coello María Teresa, Fernández Juan
Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
Psicothema. 2011 Apr;23(2):180-8.
After the fourfold gender typology (1970s), a dual model--gender schematic versus aschematic individuals--emerged in the 1980s. In this research, the relationship between gender schemas and attitudes towards women's rights were tested. Two studies were carried out (2001 and 2009) with adolescents (boys and girls) from 12 to 14 years old, with 359 participants in 2001 and 224 in 2009, using two instruments: the Bem Sex Role Inventory and the Attitudes Towards Women Scale. Factor analysis and ANOVAs were carried out. The results of both studies supported the hypothesis that girls maintain more favourable attitudes about themselves than boys do. Both studies supported the hypothesis that feminine and androgynous individuals display similar attitudes towards women, but they differ from the other gender categories. Masculine boys and feminine girls did not show differences in attitudes towards women in comparison to aschematic or cross-gendered adolescents. Inconsistent results were found between studies regarding the hypothesized differences between typical and atypical schematics in attitudes towards women, as well as between undifferentiated and gender schematic individuals. The implications of these results for the instruments used, as well as for theories, are considered.
在四重性别类型学（20世纪70年代）之后，一种二元模型——性别图式型个体与非图式型个体——在20世纪80年代出现。在这项研究中，对性别图式与对妇女权利的态度之间的关系进行了测试。对12至14岁的青少年（男孩和女孩）进行了两项研究（2001年和2009年），2001年有359名参与者，2009年有224名参与者，使用了两种工具：贝姆性别角色量表和对妇女态度量表。进行了因子分析和方差分析。两项研究的结果都支持了以下假设：女孩对自己持比男孩更积极的态度。两项研究都支持了以下假设：具有女性特质和双性化特质的个体对女性表现出相似的态度，但与其他性别类别不同。与非图式型或跨性别青少年相比，具有男性特质的男孩和具有女性特质的女孩在对女性的态度上没有差异。在研究中，关于典型和非典型图式型个体在对女性态度上的假设差异，以及未分化个体和性别图式型个体之间的假设差异，发现了不一致的结果。考虑了这些结果对所使用工具以及理论的影响。
