Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2593, USA.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2011 May;72(3):438-43. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2011.72.438.
Despite the importance of alcohol use norms as predictors of adolescent and college drinking, there has been little research on their development from childhood into adolescence. This study used parental and child beliefs regarding the acceptability of sipping, drinking, and drunkenness for children ages 8-16 years to establish age norms for these alcohol use behaviors and examined differences in the growth of these norms between parents and children.
Data were collected as part of an ongoing cohort-sequential longitudinal study of 452 families with children initially 8 or 10 years old followed over 10 waves covering the age span from age 8 to age 16 years. Children completed interviews every 6 months. Parents completed interviews annually. Latent growth modeling was performed on the mother, father, and child data.
Unconditional latent growth curve modeling showed that parental acceptance of child sipping increased with child age but that there was no increase in their acceptance of child drinking or drunkenness through age 16 years. In contrast, there was significant growth in children's acceptance of sipping, drinking, and drunkenness. Piecewise growth models with a transition at 11.5 or 12 years of age best described the development of child and adolescent alcohol use norms.
From middle childhood into middle adolescence, there is increasing divergence between parents' acceptance of alcohol use by children and child/adolescent acceptance of alcohol use by people their age.
尽管酒精使用规范作为青少年和大学生饮酒的预测因素非常重要，但对于这些规范从儿童期到青春期的发展，研究却很少。本研究使用父母和孩子对 8-16 岁儿童啜饮、饮酒和醉酒可接受性的信念，为这些饮酒行为确立了年龄规范，并考察了父母和孩子之间这些规范增长的差异。
数据是作为一项正在进行的队列序列纵向研究的一部分收集的，该研究涉及 452 个家庭，最初有 8 岁或 10 岁的孩子，随访时间超过 10 个波次，涵盖了 8 岁至 16 岁的年龄范围。孩子每 6 个月接受一次访谈，父母每年接受一次访谈。对母亲、父亲和孩子的数据进行了潜在增长模型分析。
无条件潜在增长曲线模型显示，父母对孩子啜饮的接受度随孩子年龄的增长而增加，但到 16 岁时，他们对孩子饮酒或醉酒的接受度并没有增加。相比之下，孩子对啜饮、饮酒和醉酒的接受度有显著增长。11.5 岁或 12 岁的分段增长模型最能描述儿童和青少年饮酒规范的发展。
从中年儿童期到青春期中期，父母对孩子饮酒的接受度与孩子对同龄人饮酒的接受度之间的差异越来越大。
