Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Am J Epidemiol. 2011 Jun 15;173(12):1429-39. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwr027. Epub 2011 Apr 24.
Inflammation may be involved in prostate cancer development and progression. This study examined the associations between inflammation-related phospholipid fatty acids and the 7-year-period prevalence of prostate cancer in a nested case-control analysis of participants, aged 55-84 years, in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial during 1994-2003. Cases (n = 1,658) were frequency matched to controls (n = 1,803) on age, treatment, and prostate cancer family history. Phospholipid fatty acids were extracted from serum, and concentrations of ω-3, ω-6, and trans-fatty acids (TFAs) were expressed as proportions of the total. Logistic regression models estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of associations of fatty acids with prostate cancer by grade. No fatty acids were associated with low-grade prostate cancer risk. Docosahexaenoic acid was positively associated with high-grade disease (quartile 4 vs. 1: odds ratio (OR) = 2.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.34, 4.65); TFA 18:1 and TFA 18:2 were linearly and inversely associated with risk of high-grade prostate cancer (quartile 4 vs. 1: TFA 18:1, OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.98; TFA 18:2, OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.84). The study findings are contrary to those expected from the pro- and antiinflammatory effects of these fatty acids and suggest a greater complexity of effects of these nutrients with regard to prostate cancer risk.
炎症可能与前列腺癌的发生和发展有关。本研究通过巢式病例对照分析，探讨了炎症相关磷脂脂肪酸与前列腺癌发生的相关性。研究对象为参加 1994-2003 年前列腺癌预防试验的年龄在 55-84 岁的参与者，共纳入病例 1658 例，按年龄、治疗和前列腺癌家族史与对照 1803 例进行频数匹配。从血清中提取磷脂脂肪酸，并用 ω-3、ω-6 和反式脂肪酸（TFAs）的比例表示脂肪酸的浓度。采用 logistic 回归模型估计脂肪酸与前列腺癌分级的关联的比值比（OR）及其 95%置信区间（CI）。没有脂肪酸与低级别前列腺癌风险相关。二十二碳六烯酸（docosahexaenoic acid）与高级别疾病呈正相关（四分位数 4 与 1 相比：OR=2.50，95%CI：1.34-4.65）；18:1 反式脂肪酸（TFA 18:1）和 18:2 反式脂肪酸（TFA 18:2）与高级别前列腺癌风险呈线性负相关（四分位数 4 与 1 相比：TFA 18:1，OR=0.55，95%CI：0.30-0.98；TFA 18:2，OR=0.48，95%CI：0.27-0.84）。研究结果与这些脂肪酸的抗炎和促炎作用的预期结果相反，表明这些营养素对前列腺癌风险的影响更为复杂。
